Thursday, October 31, 2019

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay - 1

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example The Business Plan The business plan is the enterprise on paper. It is an attempt to capture in so many words and graphs what the business would be or look like when it is eventually implemented. It is an attempt to depict on paper the idea brewing in the mind of a would-be entrepreneur that he feels very strongly would transform into a successful venture. The business plan is the idea initially taking textual and graphic form. Literature is abundant with what makes a good business plan. Many authors would establish business plan formats containing the elements that would make a sound plan composition together with the elements’ sequencing. This paper however shall not dwell on the creation and development of these elements but shall focus on the process of planning, providing weight to the issue of the why and the how of the planning process. Business Plan Elements and the Planning Process Kuratko and Hodgetts (2009) offer the following elements in a business plan: executive s ummary, the business opportunity, market potential, market analysis, competition analysis, technical data of product or service, commercial strategy, methodology of operation, vision-mission and financial projections. These elements however are outputs of an enterprise planning process that proceeds with the idea generation, setting up of strategic objectives, analysis and research of market, understanding competition, understanding the financials and formulating the competitive strategies (Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2009). Critical Analysis Seeding the Idea: It s simple logic that there is always a purpose or reason for business, and if one pursues the economic theory... The paper tells that it is simple logic that there is always a purpose or reason for business, and if one pursues the economic theory that business is meant to generate profits for its owners, it follows that the business must be attractive to its intended customers to generate a green bottom line. An enterprise begins with an idea, whether it is a product or service, and that idea must answer a need of the market. This process of idea generation is otherwise known as the creative process or simply, creativity. Of course, it is now known, courtesy of brilliant thinkers such as Harper and Drucker, that creativity is the seed of innovation, where innovation is the finished product or service that benefits the market. It was Drucker who said that â€Å"innovation is the specific instrument of entrepreneurship – the act that endows resources with a new capacity to create wealth.† It would be necessary as an approach to this analysis to first define what an entrepreneur is b efore proceeding to create the attribute silhouette of the successful enterprise owner. As literature has an abundance of such a definition, this paper shall adopt the version of Drucker in his famous book Entrepreneurship and Innovation. An entrepreneur, according to Drucker, is one who always searches for change, responds to it and explores to the maximum its potential as an opportunity. Many authors and researchers have ventured into identifying the attributes that successful entrepreneurs possess.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Consider analyle Essay Example for Free

Consider analyle Essay Romeo and Juliet: how important is the opening scene of the play? How effective should it be on stage? (Deal with lines 1-11), the first mention of Romeo. Consider analyle, comment on characters, action, stage craft, the atmosphere and theme. The opening scene of Romeo and Juliet is effective because its full of humour and violence. These two characteristics are powerful on their own, but together they make the first scene witty and dramatic. The opening scene is important as it sets the whole atmosphere of the families on going feud. The play opens with two Capulet servants (Sampson and Gregory) who are carrying arms, which is significant as theyre aware of violence and danger. They also use language to imitate violence such as, thrust, and strike. As they do this it amuses the groundlings watching, what amuses them is that they talk about violence then, violence towards women. I will thrust the Montagues maids to the wall (Sampson). Which basically means that theyll rape theyre women if they had the chance. These two Capulet servants are playing with puns in the first few lines such as, coals, colliers and coller. Then they go on to describe their feelings about the rival family, the Montagues. They imply these feelings towards the other family by saying that theyll thrust theyre women to the wall. By also challenging the other family whether theyll be man or woman. Gregory points out that the feud is between the men, whilst Sampson replies that he doesnt care and that hell fight the men and then deal with their women, in a crude sexual way. The prologue suggests that the play is full of violence and tragedy. Although, the opening scene begins with a contrasting light hearted humour. This scene should be effective on stage as it is the opposite of the prologue, and should entertain the groundlings with the crude humour and the intention of thrusting violence to the Montagues women. The two Capulet servants provoke Abraham (a Montague) and another servant by biting their thumbs (which then, was considered as an insult). They carry on with their provocative humour when Benvolio (whose name means peacemaker) and Tybalt enter the scene. Sampson then steps aside, leaving Gregory to continue the fight with Abraham. Benvolio quickly breaks them up Part fools. Put up your swords, you know what you up. Tybalt then comes in and questions Benvolio (the peace maker) with his one of few lines as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee coward. This line sums up that he enjoys violence implying that he hates the word peace. The atmosphere at this time is tense and humorous in some ways. It is humorous as a feud is beginning over nothing apart from a silly childish insult. This would amuse the groundlings, as it combines violence and humour. As you know these two characteristics are powerful on their own, but together they make the play witty and interesting although humorous at times. This is what makes the play effective and successful. The feud is also very dramatic and a very important part of everyday life for both families, even the old come out of their houses and fight for their family even though their health pauses as a problem. The Capulet in question is old Capulet, whose wife makes fun of his ridiculous actions that follow A crutch, a crutch! Why call you for a sword? Lady Capulet implies that he needs a crutch more than a sword these days and refuses to let him take part in the feuding Thou shalt not stir one foot to seek a foe. This is a very important scene as it tells the audience the reality of this feud. Even the old and frail are willing to get up off their chairs and pull out their sword and help win the feud for their family. It strikes me that the only way to stop the feuding is by a warning from the prince of Verona. He orders them all to put down their weapons and tells Capulet and Montague that if anyone ever disturbs the peace again in this way they will be executed. After all but Montague, Lady Montague and Benvolio exit the scene Montague questions Benvolio about how this quarrel started. Then, Lady Montague asks Benvolio has he seen Romeo today O where is Romeo? Saw you him today? Benvolio tells her that yes, he has seen him and that hes acting strangely. We know that he thinks hes deeply in love with Rosaline and that his heart will never heal again. Hes also kept this affair a secret from his parents. Its not until line 154 that Romeo enters the scene, his friend and cousin Benvolio is there to cheer him up from his deepened sadness. Romeo describes how hes feeling to Benvolio as if his whole life is up side down, and that this isnt him Tut I have lost myself; I am not here. This is not Romeo, hes some other where. Benvolio tries without success to discover the name of the girl Romeo has fallen in love with. Romeo explains that she is not in love with him. Shell not be hit with cupids arrow. She hath Dians wit, and in strong proof of chastity well arms, from loves weak childish bow she lives uncharmed. She will not stay the siege of loving terms, nor bride Th encounter of assailing eyes, nor ope her lap to saint seducting gold. O she is rich in beauty, only poor, that when she dies, with beauty dies her store. The characters in this play are perfectly written with their personalities coming out strong throughout the play. Such as Benvolio, his name means peace maker, and thats exactly what hes done in scene one. Romeo in the first scene comes over as a conscientious teenager, but is mature also. By the end of this scene there is an obvious contrast of two things, love and hate.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes

Case Study: Psychopathic Genes Many people are afraid of the concept of death and what happens after life. But, many arent aware of the people that take life from others. Killers roam our streets but, arent easy to spot. They blend in with our looks and sometimes personalities. It is only possible to tell by their actions, for example when they have committed a gruesome crime. Little is known about psychopaths, many assume they are inspired, pressured or forced into doing what they do. Many of the killers have hard time in their life, as do normal people, but their problems accumulate, which add up to their emotions and do the unthinkable as we refer it to. As in the case of Marybeth Tinning who murder her 4-month daughter with a pillow mentions after the deaths of my other children I just lost it. However, there has been study and theories to show that psychopathic traits can be found in genes. Daniel M. Blonigen and his crew took 626 pairs of 17-year-old male and female twins from the community. And resulted wi th this Psychopathic traits were indexed using scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were obtained via structured clinical interviews. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate genetic and environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits as well as the degree of genetic overlap between these traits and composites of internalizing and externalizing. The Twin analysis revealed significant genetic influence on distinct psychopathic traits (Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality). Moreover, Fearless Dominance was associated with reduced genetic risk for internalizing psychopathology, and Impulsive Antisociality was associated with increased genetic risk for externalizing psychopathology. So, studies have been done to show that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in a variety of behaviors in humans. What is a psychopath? Many people dont know much about psychopaths or what it is. They know them by the way the media portraits them to be. O. Lilienfeld says that there are three big myths that are untrue; one is that all psychopaths are violent. Researched by psychologists such as Randall T. Salekin, indicates that psychopathy is a risk factor for future physical and sexual violence. Second, all psychopaths are psychotic. In contrast to people with psychotic disorders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦psychopaths are almost always rational. They are well aware that their ill-advised or illegal actions are wrong in the eyes of society but shrug off these concerns with startling nonchalance. Third psychopathy is untreatable. Although psychopaths are often unmotivated to seek treatment, research by psychologist Jennifer Skeem of the University of California, Irvine, and her colleagues suggests that psychopaths may benefit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦from psychological treatment. The real term for psychopath is Antis ocial Personality Disorder, psychopathy and sociopathy are generally considered subsets of ASPD, it was given by American Psychiatric Association, its the term used for a personality disorder characterized by an abnormal lack of empathy combined with strongly amoral conduct but masked by an ability to appear outwardly normal. The main characteristics of a psychopath are the lack of sympathy / remorse for others, even including love ones. Other characteristic features: superficial charm, self-centered self-important, need for stimulation prone to boredom, deceptive behavior lying, conning manipulative, little guilt, cruelty to animals, callous with a lack of empathy, living off others or predatory attitude,   poor self-control, promiscuous sexual behavior, early behavioral problems, disregard for safety, impulsive lifestyle, irresponsible behavior, blaming others for their actions, short term relationships, juvenile delinquency, breaking parole or probation, and variety of    criminal activity. There are two types of psychopath that are easily distinguished. The two types of psychopath are Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality. Beth Terrel quoted Professor Dr. Stephen Benning from Vanderbilt University. The two seem to be different in their own ways but are still psychopaths. The fearless dominance is often a paradoxical mix of charm and nastiness, cool and calm under pressure, the FD type is not easily rattled. They lack the same kind of anticipatory anxiety that most people have so, instead of thinking they do it. Fearless Dominance is associated with a number of things our society considers desirable or good: high verbal I.Q., high performance, and economic success. The FD type is often charming and socially influential. He or she relishes directing other peoples activities and basking in their admiration. The FD type is sexually adventurous and often takes risks. Its not that they cant feel fear or anxiety; its just that it takes a much more extreme situation to elicit those emotions. FD types live for the thrill, the excite ment, the adrenaline rush. The Impulsive Antisociality type is an aggressive, unorganized, and a suspicious person. An IA types doesnt generally make plans, and they dont think societys rules are worth following. They often abuse drugs, and like the FD type they often are extremely sexually active. Its not the thrill that motivates the IA type, its the relief of boredom, alienation and because of the need to do something. They are extremely reactive and have a lot of raw, aggressive energy. Usually, they have a long history of antisocial behavior, such as brawling and vandalism. These are the two types of psychopaths. Fox reported that there are three genes that may play a strong role in determining why some young men raised in rough neighborhoods or deprived families become violent criminals. One gene called MAOA that played an especially strong role has been shown in other studies to affect antisocial behavior, said sociology professor Guang Guo, who led the study. I dont want to say it is a crime gene, but 1 percent of people have it and scored very high in violence and delinquency, Guo said in a telephone interview. The other two genes are called the dopamine transporter 1 (DAT1) gene and the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene, which are also associated with bad behavior, but only when the boys suffered some other stress, such as family issues, low popularity and failing school. Guo said These results,..link molecular genetic variants to delinquency, significantly expand our understanding of delinquent and violent behavior, and they highlight the need to simultaneously consider their social and genetic origins. Three examples of genes that have a role in psychopaths. An article Child Psychopaths, the author back fires by saying that its the parents fault, they are the ones that created a psychopath. Psychologist Lonnie Athens takes the approach that antisocial behavior results from a series of evolutionary stages. He came up with the idea that people become violent through a process that he calls violentization, which involves four stages: brutalization and subjugation, belligerency, violent coaching, and criminal activity. First, this person is a victim of violence and feels powerless to avoid it. Then he is taught how and when to become violent and to profit from it. Then he acts on that. If a person from a violent environment does not become violent, it is because some part of the process is missing. He connects a serial killers, Gary, actions were formed from violence and lack of empathy by the instability and brutalization of his family life. But, there is evidence to say that environmental influence isnt the key to a full developed psychopa th and there is still genetics that contribute to there actions. Young children can be spotted for some psychopathic symptoms. Some mental health professionals say they can recognize early markers in kids as young as toddlers for what may later develop into psychopathy. Experts also emphasize that not all children who appear to be at risk for psychopathy go on to become psychopathic adults Studies show that a significant portion of children who show psychopathic traits often referred to among researchers as callous-unemotional traits, which include not being concerned about others feelings and not feeling bad or guilty as early as the preschool years have the same traits when they are teens. And adolescence is a time when they are more likely than other kids to exhibit extreme behavior problems, aggression and delinquency. These teens with significant CU traits are then more likely to become psychopathic adults. Other studies resulted with some brain malfunctions when doing something they shouldnt be doing so, they wont feel remorse or have fear like a normal person would. Scientists interviewed hundreds of prison inmates, to learn about what makes them tic, and which parts of the brain lead them to live an emotionally disconnected and often violent life. They resulted with faulty wiring in the limbic system (the brains emotional center) and the amygdala (which generates fear) make psychopaths able to do horrendous things and feel nothing, and never fear danger or consequences. They also believe that genes contribute 50 percent of the puzzle and life experience the other 50 percent (Heatherturgeon). Meaning environmental factors still play a role. In another study done by Dombeck stated available data regarding the causes of psychopathic personality suggests that both nature and nurture are at work there as well. He interviewed prison inmates and did a Psychopathy Checklist, asked about thier history of their abuse experience, and a few other questionnaires. He resulted with this: Our findings indicate that a history of  child abuse  or neglect relates positively but weakly to global psychopathic features. Abuse is unrelated to the core affective and interpersonal traits of psychopathy but relates preferentially and moderately to the impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle or externalizing features of psychopathy. Dissociative experiences do not significantly mediate this relationship. Our findings call into question etiological models positing that early abuse and neglect shut off affective responding, thereby resulting in individuals who possess the cold and callous features of primary psychopathy. So, abuse was not found to predict psychopathy as a whole, but an abuse history did predict a certain feature of psychopathy; namely the tendency to be impulsive. So, what can be the cure for such genes or the process to prevent such horrific crimes from psychopath? Its also possible for some kids with CU traits, particularly the youngest ones who have the greatest capacity to change, to simply grow out of them. CU traits are most reliably assessed starting at age 4, but even 2 year old can exhibit signs that they are lacking early empathy, says Paul Frick, chair of the department of psychology at the University of New Orleans who studies youth behavior problems (Stenson). The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications The Fitness First Club: Marketing communications With the background information I have been given in this assignment, I have created a key objective for the Fitness First club. I will gather a report that reviews and analyses the marketing communications activities of Fitness First, and outlines recommendations for future communications activities. My aim at first place is to increase the number of members aged 10 35 by Jun 2013, I will also propose to use more personal selling to develop new accounts, this will increase the amount of trials and encourage other members to join a fitness club and be made aware of other promotions. Fitness First is one of the largest health club group in the world. It has 540 branches worldwide and having more than 1.7 million members in 21 states. Fitness First clubs campaign to encourage more people to find out what fitness regime works for them by using former spice girl as the face of the week fitness international. In the UK, it holds 160 fitness clubs with over 405,000 members (Source: Wikipedia). Here is the background information on factors that have impact on Fitness First Political In the UK and worldwide government policy has potential influence on the market, specific initiatives could benefit the industry, but theres also a broader push on the part of the government to try and promote healthy eating and exercise, possibly resulting in more people seeking gym membership. Early this year the government encouraged people to get fit ahead of the Olympic to come. Economic The economic factors such as utilities prices and wage rates will affect numerous aspects of Fitness First, the fitness costs will rise and members may need to prioritise their spending as cuts are made on their disposable income, especially in the prospect group. Not a lot of people are willing to spend much in the fitness club when they could on their own practice physical exercise at home, however price will be reviewed in order to well compete in the market and encourage subscribers to join Fitness First. Social Lifestyle factors such as growth in convenience foods and home entertainment have resulted in more muddy lifestyles; consumption levels of alcohol are rising which will effect gym participation and subscription. In todays celebrity cultures, theres lots of pressure to be looking good in the social life and have better appearance; It has influenced the way people are improving themselves to build six pact bodies to attract more females from the mens view and such are also the desire of some women encourage their men not to be obese. Technological Its important that Fitness First has up to date machines to compete with others and satisfy the needs of the members. Fitness First also uses technology to target the public in an effective way, text messages with special offers and online free trial vouchers and also create a page on the socials network (Source: Fitness First). Legal: Fitness First should examine legal requirements pursuant to the code of practice and should not use high pressure tactics to make sign a membership agreement or take unfair advantage of the lack of your understanding if you do not comprehend certain documents. Fitness First must display a sign that says about the health risks that may affect participation in fitness services. The Signs shall be clearly visible for anyone entering the fitness center. Environment: Fitness First should build in an ideal environment for the well-being of the planet and its members by seeking to reduce the environmental footprint of the equipment and invest the most on self-power cardiovascular machineries. Where the proper motion of the user produce all the energy needed to operate the machines, it will attract new customers by providing clean machines that are free of toxic substances, which is environmentally friendly material ( Source: athletics business). Task2. Marketing communications mix Like many fitness clubs devote themselves to schedule a marketing plan, research shows that promotion for health club is managed by using telephone (telemarketing) Radio (radio advertising) Biz (business membership programs) Mail (direct mail and email marketing), TV (cable advertising) News (newspaper advertising), etc (Source: fitness360). Looking at the previous campaign made by Fitness First when taping in the power of digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing. Their goal were to ensure that the skills of a professional fitness and qualifications remain relevant by increasing the number of downloads, due to the evolution of mobile advertising, Fitness First took rapid action to introduce click-to-call extensions with the current locations of users, which was essential for success and having the most competitive position in terms of mobile advertising. O2 been the selected mobile telephonic provider in the UK worked alongside with Fitness Firsts by l aunching a mobile marketing campaign for Fitness first club. The campaign was to offer five days free subscription and personal training session via SMS to O2 customers who live in specific postal codes near Fitness First clubs (Source: Mobile Marketing). The use of the site for the target consumer maximizes both efficiency and relevance of the offer. By creating this campaign in favor for Fitness First, O2 launched brand communication opt-in on O2s customers who are interested in health, wellness and sports, aged between 18 and 35 years. O2 provided a daily email with qualified leads in number of mobile customers and postal codes to call the client and make an appointment. The use of this highly targeted medium of communication helps to ensure maximum effectiveness of campaigns, which proves to be moving one of our tools to acquire the most successful to date. Fitness First has also launched an affiliate displaying ads on Facebook and campaigned display advertising targeted Adjug w ith the use of PPC (Pay Per Click) which is the most common form of internet marketing currently in use worldwide. The purpose of using PPC was to send instant traffic to any website niches most commonly used to send targeted traffic to a page using only keywords related to the product page of the advertiser or trying to sell. It is also very useful for testing long-term strategies of SEO and ensure that your targeted keywords will convert. PPC is a fast and effective way of generating revenue to almost any website. However, if done incorrectly, it devalue your site very quickly and you will lose money, some of the biggest PPCs networks are Google Adwords, Google Maps, Google advertising investments Yahoo, Microsoft AdCenter and Facebook. As a result of these actions, downloads increased significantly (Source: Latitude) The tools used by Fitness First have been tested and proven that promotion is custom designed in particular relation with demographics region, time of the season, current members and other information gathered from the clubs profile before starting of the promotion. When analyzing the marketing campaign of Fitness First thought it lead them at the extend they were expecting to be. Nevertheless, I still find some improvement needed to be done to acquire more subscriber in their fitness club, because not many people are on the O2s network also taking an account of internet marketing, was of good use in the point that technology is mostly used in this 21st century we living on but it could have been far more better to also make the use of other medium channels such as TV, Radio etc. Why so? Because everyone in the UK, living in their own house uses at least one of these tools to be informed of what is happening in the other side of the world. Task3. Marketing communication plan Knowing that digital marketing, including display advertising and affiliate marketing worked well for Fitness First, I will in this section shield the strategic day to day aspects of setting up my plan into action to enhance more the advertising portfolio of Fitness First, without pulling apart what have been done by Fitness First, where the use of my judgment and discretion on deciding how to schedule and plan activities, calculating costs and measuring progress will be outlined. Here is how I am going to illustrate my idea of marketing campaign. Every fitness and health club plans is designed base on the personal exercise and nutrition history Ill suggest to employ a pull up strategy, with most prospects aged between 10- 35 mostly targeting primary school to Higher education to offer them services that encourage students. I will also suggest targeting the affordable sector of the market with a competitive pricing. The marketing communications mix will be divided around objectives, message, and media. The objectives will aim to provide Fitness First consumers, access to sport and exercise opportunities to the top range facilities by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Fitness First will have to work with its local partners in education and people to share information, knowledge, skills and expertise, for example with schools, Higher Education an arrangement of work placements for students will be assigned and will share good practice at national competitive sporting events. My message should sound making bold statements to draw the attention of people, in belief of my commercial messages by organizing a public speaking and fitness group to bring people together to motivate each other by allowing people to be aware of what we are attend to do and reminding them of our existence. To achieve this, Ill suggest the use of current staff and get them trained and have sufficient knowledge to encouraging people to subscribe, by telling their own experiences regarding the good effect since they j oined the fitness club and how physically fit must you be. In so doing, people will understand my overall message, where the key point is to promote physical exercise, sustain encouragement and then for sure people might now develop the need to join Fitness First club.( source: sales-and-marketing-for-you). Media: when hoping to bring a new product or in my case to promote a new service, that will be ruining at Fitness First, you need to carefully consider possible ways to promote your product. However, using different mediums such as Radio, Bus, TV and social network (source: ehow), in order to increase brand awareness. The adverts will show the benefits of healthy lifestyles, giving people the idea about getting in shape. However: Population trends by socio economic group are an important influence on ability and prosperity to spend on fitness club membership. Consumers from the socio economic groups are the most likely to use health and fitness clubs regularly, most are light TV viewers so this medium is not an effective target, Radio is likely to be more effective. (Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you).The use of social media has exploded in recent years as a way to raise awareness and generate free traffic it includes sites and services such as Twitter, Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, and many others. The main advantages are that it is free to communicate and has a capability of going viral and reach a vast numbers of people without additional effort ( source: clickbank) The cost of the marketing will certainly play a big part in what I am intend to do. Bad sales and marketing is as a general announcement focused on no one in particular. In order to maximize a huge return profit, it is always good to approach the marketing plan with consideration and not devote a lot of money on a single marketing channel or campaign. I will instead try to shape up a range of successful publicity approaches over a time, I will also outline its cost, and how much money will I have to spend on advertising campaign? How long and how much each communication method will be balanced against the marketing communication budget. I will at first place, be concerned about the break-even point before developing any sales and marketing program, including advertising cost. I will also find out how much is each new customer and exiting customer worth to the fitness club? When observing the lifetime value of the health and fitness club subscriber, I will use approximation such as fi guring out, how long each customer stays with Fitness First, where the contract will be given for 1-3 years for the new subscribers. Once I know the number and frequency of sales I derived from the average customer, I can then use profit margin to estimate how much each customer worths to the fitness club and how many customers is needed to obtain the specific marketing campaign, in order to consider it as a success: However, to run the campaign of Fitness First, I found that the cost for ITV 1 Yorkshire channel per month is of  £48336, people will be target on the daytime services of 11am to be aware of the services, the local radio station is of  £160 per month with 8 short spot adverts of 15 seconds per day, cinema advertising will be of  £900 per month along with billboard advertising  £1920 the month and the cost of transport advertising is of  £6360 per month ( Source: Blackboard). My message needs to reach customers, therefore the out home advertising buses will be these that are seen on high street shops and go to different places of the city, where middle and junior management of the social class are living. Based on my research, I will therefore recommend 9 months of advertising on radio, buses and billboard along with 4 months advertising on ITV1 Yorkshire and cinema the total average budget for the advertising will be estimated at the price of  £232,188.00 for a whole 9 mo nths period advertisement of all these chosen mediums where the first 5 month will be to remind the people on the existence of Fitness First along to inform them what Fitness First is planning of doing and after the 5 months period have gone Fitness First will now differentiate itself from other competitors by adopting a unique approach and machineries that are of people expertise, when visiting the fitness first club and then persuade them by meeting the needs of people with the choice of services and materials that are environmentally friendly. Report Executive Account Statement To: Brand Spanking Agency 29/10/2012 I Daniel Kevin AMATCHA, I am please to submit my report describing on how I intend to promote the fitness and health club. The purpose of this report was to gather sufficient information to render professional opinion about advertising your health and fitness club. This assessment includes research and figures concerning the cost of the whole month budget when using the mass media to promote the fitness club: however. I have also included the PESTEL analysis, which is an effective way to analyse external impacts on the health and fitness club, and planned the strategic action that will be of good use for the marketing communications mix as I separated into discussions around objectives, message, and media. I have also introduced a marketing communication plan on how to work side with the marketing mix, which I have designed along with its schedule and plan activities including the cost of the advertising. You may also find on my plan the monthly statement budget and the chosen mediums to promote Fitness First club for 9 months period. Bibliography: Source: Wikipedia//>> article//>> Fitness First//>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_First viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Fitness First//>>  © Fitness First 2012//>> http://www.fitnessfirst.co.uk/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: athletics business//>> home//>> articles//>> hot topics//>> environmental issues//>> Fitness Facilities Go Green//>> written by Amy Scanlin, on October 2007//>>http://www.athleticbusiness.com/articles/article.aspx?articleid=3278zoneid=1 viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: fitness360//>>campaign types//>> services/>> sales and promotions//>> © 2012 fitness marketing systems //>> http://www.fitness360online.com/fitness-marketing-services/on-site-membership-promotions viewed on the 24/10/12 Source: Latitude//>> where I am//>> home//>> whom we work with//>> Fitness First//>> http://www.latitudegroup.com/what-weve-done/who-weve-worked-with/fitness-first-2/ viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: Mobile Marketing//>>News//>> Analyses//>> O2//>> Fitness First campaign//>> written by David Murphy released 4 years ago //http://www.mobilemarketingmagazine.co.uk/content/o2-launches-fitness-first-campaign viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: 2.warwick//>>fitnessfirst//>>pdf//>>context analysis and promotional//>>http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/alumni/services/eportfolios/bsqjfb/fitnessfirst.pdf viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: sales-and-marketing-for-you//>>marketing communication plan//>>Copyright  © 2012//>>http://www.sales-and-marketing-for-you.com/marketing-communication-plan.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Source: ehow//>>ways-promote-new-product//>>http://img.ehowcdn.com/author-avatar/studio-image/ver1.0/Content/images/store/0/5/10f337f6-807a-4881-a57c-27efbd75408f.Small.jpg by Larry Amon//>>http://www.ehow.com/way_5162681_ways-promote-new-product.html viewed on the 17/10/12 Larry Amon Larry Amon has been working in the computer field for more than 10 years and has experience writing scripts, instructional articles and political commentary. He has been published online, as well as in NRB Magazine and Delmarva Youth Family. He started a nonprofit media organization in 2000. Source clickbank//>>common ways to promote products//>>http://www.clickbank.com/help/affiliate-help/affiliate-guides/common-ways-to-promote-products/ Source: Blackboard//>>x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk//>>http://x-stream.leedsmet.ac.uk/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_tab_group_id=_2_1url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_33250_1%26url%3D Viewed on the22/10/12 Source: myadbase//>> guide//>>advertising radio station//>>http://myadbase.com/guide_final.php?page=advertising_radio_station viewed on the 20/10/12 Source: ukbusiness//>> UK Business forums//>> Business forums//>> General business forum//>>http://www.ukbusinessforums.co.uk/forums/showthread.php?t=49219 viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: outdooradvertisingltd//>>Bus stop advertising//>> http://www.outdooradvertisingltd.co.uk/pages/bus-stop-advertising.php viewed on the 26/10/12 Source: sunriseradio//>> advertising//>> http://www.sunriseradio.fm/innerpage.php?rank=2 viewed on the 24/10/12

Friday, October 25, 2019

IMP 2 POW 8 Essay -- Math Mathmatics Problems

Problem Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My task was to find 3 equations, that would give me an answer, if I had certain information. The first was to find one that if you knew that there were four pegs on the boundary, and none on the interior, you could get the area. The second was if you knew that there were 4 pegs on the boundary, and you knew how many were on the interior, you could get the area. And last, if you had the number on the interior, and the number on the boundary, you could get the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Process   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first two equations, were a preparation for the final, building up towards the complete idea. This helped, because I could complete the first two pretty quickly. For Freddie I drew a 3 column T-Table, with a drawing of the figure, the number of Pegs (in), and the Area (out). I looked for a pattern between the in and the out, and quickly found one that made sense, and I worked it into a formula. I got X/2-1=Y. Where X is IN (number of pegs) and Y is OUT (Area). This works in all shapes with no interior pegs, like Freddie described. I attached this T-Table.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Sally I followed my luck of the 3 column T-Table, and drew another with the same guidelines. The figure, the interior pegs (in), and the area (out). After I filled in a few figures, and their properties, I noticed a pattern, and not long after, a formula, which worked for them. It was X+1=Y. This T-Table is also attached.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now...the next was not so easy. Frashy's required a long thought process, an...

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Battle Royal

Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally. Battle Royal Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally. Battle Royal Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

People Who Can Help You on Election Day

People Who Can Help You on Election Day When voters walk into a busy polling place on election day, they see a vast array of people, most of them rushing around, doing lots of different things. Who are these people and what is their function in the election? Besides (hopefully) lots of other voters waiting to vote, youll see: Poll Workers These people are here to help you vote. They check voters in, making sure they are registered to vote and are at the correct polling place. They hand out ballots and show voters where to deposit their ballots after voting. Perhaps most importantly, poll workers can show voters how to use the particular type of voting device being used. If you have any problems using the voting machines or are not sure how to use the machine to complete your ballot, by all means, ask a poll worker. Poll workers either volunteer or are paid a very small stipend. They are not full-time government employees. They are people who are donating their time to help make sure elections are conducted fairly and efficiently. If you run into any problems while voting or waiting to vote, ask a poll worker to help you. If you make a mistake while filling out your ballot, let a poll worker know before you leave the polling place. The poll worker can give you a new ballot. Your old ballot will either be destroyed or placed in a separate ballot box for damaged or incorrectly marked ballots. Election judges At most polling places, there will be one or two election officials or election judges. Some states require one Republican and one Democratic election judge at each polling place. Election judges ensure that the election is conducted fairly. They settle disputes over voter qualification and identification, deal with damaged and incorrectly marked ballots and take care of any other issues involving interpretation and enforcement of election laws. In states that allow Election Day voter registration, election judges also register new voters on Election Day. Election judges officially open and close the polling place and are responsible for the safe and secure delivery of sealed ballot boxes to the vote counting facility after the polls close. As regulated by state laws, election judges are chosen by a board of elections, county official, city or town official, or state official. If an election judge appears to be â€Å"too young to vote† to you, 41 of 50 states allow high school students to serve as election judges or poll workers, even when the students are not yet old enough to vote. Laws in these states typically require that students selected as election judges or poll workers be at least 16 years of age and in good academic standing at their schools.   Other Voters Hopefully, you will see many other voters inside the polling place, waiting their turn to vote. Once inside the polling place, voters may not try to convince others how to vote. In some states, such politicking is prohibited both inside and outside within a certain distance of the doors of the polling place. Exit Poll Takers Especially at lager precincts, exit poll takers, usually representing the media, may ask people leaving the polling place which candidates they voted for. Voters are NOT required to respond to exit poll takers.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Sensory Processing Disorder

Sensory Integration Dysfunction/ Sensory Processing Disorder Free Online Research Papers Sensory Integration and Sensory Processing, or sensory motor processing, is our autonomic ability to receive sensory information interpret, organize, and respond to it. Both external and internal stimuli enter the body and neurological system. These senses are foundational because the information gained from our senses creates the foundation for future learning and decision making (Schneider, 2001). Information from each of the senses, movement of the body, and gravity must be integrated and interpreted before children can successfully function in the world around them (Cheatum, 2000). Our senses are responsible for things such as coordination, attention, arousal levels, emotions, memory, autonomic functioning, and higher level of cognitive functions. An interruption in the ability to absorb these senses into the learning environment is a sensory dysfunction or processing disorder. ( I will refer to this as sensory difficulties (SD) throughout this paper). The interpretations and reactions to sensory input are affected causing feedback on that information with motor, emotional, attention, and other responses in a flight or fight manner. Often they will have problems with interpersonal relations, academic achievements, behavior problems, vision problems, speech/articulation difficulties, eating problems, digestion and eliminating problems, sleep regulation problems, and very often coexists with allergies. One or more senses are over-or-under reactive to the stimuli. We often find SD secondary or coexisting in people with Autism, ADHD, pervasive developmental disorder, cerebral palsy, fragile X syndrome, severe mental retardation, learning difficulties, language problems, and other neurological and developmental disabilities. Many people are unaware that other than those with a documented disability, â€Å"normal† children often have some form of SD. Dr. A Jean Ayres, Ph.D., an occupational therapist, came up with this theory in the 1950’s and 60’s. In the diagram of the Central Nervous System below, we see that starting on the bottom of the pyramid of our central nervous system we have our sensory system. There are three autonomic neurological sensory systems: Tactile, Vestibular, and Proprioception. Tactile system includes three types of receptors: light touch- pressure, or like a bug crawling on the arm; discrimination-textures; third, temperature and pain. The role of this sense is to perceive the environment and provide reactions that protect for survival. Tactile system dysfunctions result in refusal in eating certain textured foods, refusal to wear certain clothes, avoiding getting hands dirty, avoid being touched. Dysfunctions in this system often lead to irritability, distractibility, hyperactivity, aggression, and negative emotional response to touch sensations. (Hatch, 1995). Vestibular system is the inner ear, which detects movement and position of the head relating to gravity. A dysfunction in this system is two different ways. Children that are hypersensitive to Vestibular stimulation are fearful of movement activities such as swings or slides. They have a hard time learning to climb stairs or walk on uneven surfaces. These children appear to be very clumsy. Another way this system affects children is on the other extreme. This child may seek sensory experiences such as spinning. This child has a hypo-vestibular system and is constantly trying to stimulate their Vestibular system.(Hatch,1995). Proprioception system is awareness of body position referring to the muscles, joints, and tendons. A dysfunction in the Proprioception system affects the child’s awareness of their body position in space. They have the tendency to fall, clumsiness, odd body posturing, resistant to motor movement, and difficulty manipulating small objects.(Hatch, 1995). If one stage of this pyramid is disrupted, the whole pyramid is thrown off. The effects are seen throughout the pyramid. Many times these problems get overlooked until it has become so severe that there are extreme behavior problems, health issues, family issues, social, emotional, and educational issues. Often we look at the symptoms/characteristics of the child instead of trying to find the actual cause. The more severe cases need to be assessed and treated by an Occupational Therapist. These children need to be evaluated by a professional and will be tested using the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test (SIPT). (Stephens, 1997). For those other children that might seem to have some sensory issues, you need to understand their needs and make accommodations to help them become a successful learner. You might have 2-5 children in your classroom that have undocumented SD. First you must determine which sensory systems are involved in the area of need. You must also know where the child is developmentally. You need to make notes of what the child is doing (don’t focus only on what the child is not doing) and any patterns in the behavior. Some children differ from one day to the next, having off days and successful days. Be sure to make note of this. The child with SD may have a difficult time reading cues in the environment (both verbal and non-verbal). If the child is receiving the sensory information, they might not have the ability to organize this information and produce an efficient response. For these children everyday ordinary tasks are extremely challenging to perform and respond to. One or more common symptoms along with frequency, intensity, and duration may indicate SD. Frequency is how often throughout the day the behaviors are noticed. Intensity is the amount of avoidance or amount of seeking (depending on over or under stimulated) sensory information. Duration is how long each episode or unusual behavior lasts. When I refer to behavior, I mean all types not just bad behavior. You need to look at changes in the behavior or unusual behavior. There are several types of SD. I will describe some of the common behavioral patterns. Sensory-Avoiding Children These children have an over-responsive nervous system to sensation. This is also called sensory defensiveness (SPD Network). These children may be diagnosed with sensory over-responsivity. Some signs are: ? Be very picky eaters or sensitive to food smells ? Respond to being touched with aggression or withdrawal ? Fear movements and heights, or get sick from exposure to movement or heights ? Feel uncomfortable in loud or busy environments ? Be very cautious and unwilling to take risks or try new things Sensory-Seeking Children In some children their nervous system does not respond to sensory information. These children are considered under-responsive to sensation. Some behaviors seem in these children are: ? Hyperactivity ? Unaware of pain or touching others to hard ? Enjoy loud sounds often to loud ? Engaging in unsafe activities Motor Skills Problems Some children have Motor Skills problems where they cannot carry out actions. They appear clumsy and accident prone. Some things you might notice in these children are: ? Trouble with balance, sequences of movement, and bilateral coordination ? Very poor fine motor skills ? Very poor gross motor skills ? Difficulty initiating movements ? A preference for sedentary activities like reading a book or watching TV ? A preference for playing with familiar toys These children often appear to be manipulative, unhappy, controlling, and frustrated. They are often labeled as the â€Å"class clown†. They try to mask their problems often avoiding group activities. (SPD Network). Some other SD are Auditory defensiveness related to sound. You might see the child always covering up their ears. They might be afraid of things such as the lawn mower, hair dryer, and vacuum. Another SD is Visual defensiveness with hypersensitivity to light. Then there is oral-motor defensiveness also known as tactile defensiveness in the mouth. Brush teeth can be very distressful for this child. Olfactory defensiveness is intolerance to smells. (Stephens, 1997). Being aware of these possible SD is one of the first steps. Now it is time to learn some techniques that might help the SD child. One technique that I am really aware of is an individualized sensory diet. A sensory diet has nothing to do with food, instead it is â€Å"the multisensory experiences that one normally seeks on a daily basis to satisfy one’s sensory appetite; a planned and scheduled activity program that an occupational therapist develops to help a person become more self-regulated.†(Kranowitz,1998). This plan works best if it is followed at school and at home. Working together with the child’s family and what goes on at home is very important. The activities must be supervised and they must be appropriate for that specific child. Here are some examples of activities to do from the book Sensory Secrets: Activities involving movement and joint action ? Exercising to music- including walking, skipping, jumping, running, galloping and hopping ? Engage in activates that require pushing, pulling, squeezing, lifting, carrying, twisting, and lugging. ? Jumping activities like jump rope or jumping on the trampoline. ? Playing catch with a variety of objects ? Activities that involve swinging, rocking, climbing, hanging from bars, teeter-totter, and merry-go-rounds. ? Riding a bike or scooter ? Walking on a balance beam Activities involving Touch and Joint Interaction ? Rub lotion on hands and arms ? Splashing in water ? Play musical instruments ? Play with squishy toys ? Play with clay, play-doh, or finger-paints There are many other techniques that can be useful. I know and have used a few. These are my suggestions: ? Weighted vest ? Beanbag chair ? Bag of birdseed to sit on ? Bounce on ball ? Roll ball over child on ground ? Wrap in tight blanket ? Shaving cream ? Sand or rice in small tub ? Vibrating toy ? Squishy ball (or balloon with flour inside) ? Crawling through tunnel ? Obstacle course ? Parachute play ? Trampoline ? scooterboard ? Deep pressure and brushing (if properly trained, please see attachment) ? Suck pudding through straw ? Suck on lollipops while doing work ? Chewing gum There are many different activities that you can do. It all depends on where the need is for that child. Every child in the classroom can benefit from some of these activities. Other activities should be for that student exclusively. The Wilbarger Deep Pressure and Proprioceptive Technique (DPPT) The Creator: The Wilbarger Deep Pressure and Proprioceptive Technique Oral Tactile Technique (OTT) (formerly referred to as the Wilbarger Brushing Protocol or WBP) are techniques developed by Patricia Wilbarger, MEd, OTR, FAOTA. Dr. Wilbarger, is an occupational therapist and clinical psychologist who has been working with sensory processing theories for over 30 years. She is a cofounder of Sensory Integration International and AVANTI camp and well known for her clinical work in the NICU, schools, etc. She lectures internationally on sensory processing disorders and sensory integration. She has produced videotape, audiotape, and an intervention guide on the subject of sensory defensiveness. More information on these publications or training courses are available from Professional Development Programs (Phone: (651) 439-8865, or at www.pdppro.com) Based on the theory of Sensory Integration, the brushing technique uses a specific method of stimulation to help the brain organize sensory information. Ms Wilbarger and her daughter Julia Wilbarger, MS, OTR offer training courses on a regular basis for professionals who wish to use it in their practice. Additionally, through their continuing research, the technique is occasionally revised in method, and it is important for therapists to be aware of the most current method. To use this technique with out instruction from a trained therapist could be harmful at the extreme, and at the minimum, useless. The Theory: Our skin is our largest sensory organ, followed closely by our muscles and skeleton, connected by our nervous system and governed by our brain. The sensory systems feed information from our environment, through sense receptors, and neural impulses via our nervous system, directly to the brain. The brain then organizes it, sends it back through the nervous system for use as understanding, adaptation, learning, and skill development. When this system functions well, it allows a person to interact with their environment efficiently, developing necessary motor and language skills, and appropriate social/emotional behavior. When this system is unable to organize the information appropriately, a variety of symptoms can present; motor delays, tactile defensiveness, learning disorders, social or emotional difficulties, speech, and language deficits or attention disorders. The Purpose and Benefit: The DPPT has been found very beneficial to children with sensory integrative dysfunction, as outlined in the previous paragraph. This technique helps the brain and body work together more effectively. Benefits noted are: ? Can improve ability to transition between activities (calming after emotional outburst, improving tolerance levels.) ? Can help children who have a fear of discomfort in being touched (tactile defensiveness) ? Can increase self regulation, self calming. ? Can increase the ability of the nervous system to use information from the senses more effectively, i.e. speech/motor skills. ? Can improve attention and focus. ? The students generally like the procedure! Benefits received are directly related to correct administration and consistency. The Technique: To use this technique with out instruction from a trained therapist could be harmful at the extreme, and at the minimum, useless. Therapists interested in offering this technique should contact the above mentioned group to be trained at an official seminar. Families should ensure the therapist offering this technique has the most recent training available. Pediatric Building Blocks recommends that anyone who has been shown this technique be updated annually and their technique checked out by a trained therapist. The DPPT uses a specific pattern of stimulation delivered through a specific type of brush and gentle joint compression or â€Å"pushing† to send information to the brain in an organized fashion. Simply put, it primes the brain to receive and organize information in an effective and useful way. It is done approximately every two hours for a specified number of days and then according to the needs of the child. Consistency is a critical factor! However, the protocol can be administered in between scheduled sessions, to assisting with transitions between activities, reducing overwhelm reactions, and re- organizing the nervous system after emotional upset. The brush used for this technique, is a soft plastic surgical brush. OTHER TYPES OF BRUSHES ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR THIS TECHNIQUE! This brush has been found to be the most effective in stimulating nerve endings in the skin. The actual brushing is done using a very firm pressure, starting at the arms and working down to the feet, avoiding the chest and stomach. Brushing these sensitive areas may cause urination, defecation or vomiting. The brushing is slow and purposeful providing â€Å"proprioception† (input through muscles and joints.) It is not ‘scrubbing’, and should never be painful, or cause damage to the skin. Children may initially react with crying or other avoidance measures because it is new, and the re-organizing can be disquieting. Generally within a few sessions, it becomes pleasurable and children will often ask for it or do it themselves. The joint compression is also done in a specific pattern; ten count repetition, using light pressure. Students can be taught to do this themselves, by using an alternative method of ‘wall’ push-ups, and jumping. The final component is the oral swipe, used for Oral defensiveness, although this is sometimes omitted in schools due to hygiene and/or safety concerns, as it requires fingers in the mouth. Again, students can be taught to do this themselves. No part of this technique should ever be painful or cause physical damage. From Pediatric Building Blocks I have been trained and certified in this brushing technique. References Ayers, A. Jean.Ph.D. (1972). Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services. Cheatum, B., and Hammond, A., Physical activities for improving children’s learning and behavior. (2000), Illinois:Human Kinetics Kranowitz, Carol Stock, M.A. (1998). The out-of-sync child, Recognizing and coping with Sensory Integration Dysfunction. NY: Skylight Press. Schneider, Catherine Chemin, O.T.R., Sensory Secrets, How to jump start learning in children. (2001). Arkansas: Concerned Communications. Websites Hatch-Rasmussen, Cindy M.A., OTR/L (1995). Sensory Integration. Center for Autism. www.autism.org/si.html Pediatric Building Blocks. The Wilbarger Deep Pressure and Proprioceptive Technique (DPPT). www.pbbkids.com/the_wilbarger_brushing_protocol.htm SPD Network (2004) What is Sensory Processing Disorder? www.spdnetwork.org/aboutspd/whatisspd.html Stephens, Linda C.MS, OTR/L. FAOTA (1997) Sensory Integrative Dysfunction in Young Children SEE/HEAR www.tsbvi.edu/Outreach/seehear/fall97/sensory.htm Interview Rebecca Roe OTR/L Occupational Therapist Pediatric Building Blocks Research Papers on Sensory Integration Dysfunction/ Sensory Processing DisorderThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperStandardized TestingNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Project Managment Office SystemGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Advanced research methods - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Advanced research methods - Smart Custom Writing Functions of fleet managementThe function of fleet management is to enable organizations which depend on transportation in their operations to discard or reduce perils associated with motor investment, improving competency, productivity and minimize the long run expenses, and offering policies which are 100% government friendly among others (Crainic, p 10). Fleet management involves vehicles such as Lorries, tractors, cars, containers among others. It comes with a wide range of functions which includes maintenance, tracking and health management. A system of tracking, GPS (global positioning system), can be used to perform all these functions (Broida, p11). A recent study indicates that, commercially, the numbers of fleet units which are in offing in Europe are over one million (Crainic, p 12). This article attempts to define the possible on-going functions in fleet management. It will highlight the differences between the initial activities from on going functions in fleet managemen t. Finally, it will explain why the ongoing functions are needed (Crainic, p 13). The major function of fleet management it motor tracking system. Basically, this system uses global positioning system (Broida, p11). This particular system is so efficient that it can track a car in any place in different languages. This is one of the on going functions. Initially this was difficult because the GPS facility was not in the offing (Broida, p11). Another ongoing function is getting information by linking the motor with the global positioning system to get information for the user. When this is done, it assists in getting rate of fuel consumption and readings on the mileage. Initially, this was only possible physically and not through the computer (Dolce, p32). Fleet management has played a big role in getting information how the drivers are carrying themselves around. This has been made possible by integrating information from the tracking device and the computer. This is yet another on-going function by fleet management which initially was not possible (Dolce, p35). Another important function is the security. The security covers the car while at rest or while moving and it carefully disconnects the car while on the move. Through this, the fleet management has made it possible to recover any stolen car. The security is yet another development which was not there initially. This service is needed because it helps in reducing losses as far as the number of vehicles stolen is concerned (Broida, p23). Ship management is control of the ship while in water. This basically is done so as the fleet management can provide competent staff, offer maintenance and manage the daily operations. By doing this, the owner is given an opportunity to go book cargo. Initially, the whole responsibility was left in the hands of the owner. This type of arrangement is needed so as to ensure quality services are offered by the ships (Broida, p25). The device that disconnects vehicles using a remote is yet another function of fleet management. This facility does not allow the engine to work and therefore the car does not move (Crainic, p 22). The system is even able to alert the one driving the car that the disconnection is almost happening. The same system of disconnecting remote can be merged with danger remote so that in case of an urgent thing the driver can easily communicate thus the situation is addressed immediately (Crainic, p 22). Initially the remote had only the key responsibility of disconnecting the engine but it has been discovered it can be used to alert I case of emergency. This is needed because it can be used to reduce accidents on the road and in water (Crainic, p 23). In conclusion, fleet management has experienced what can be said to be a milestone if compared with its functions initially. The advancement of technology has made it possible for global positioning system to be discovered. This has seen the fleet management grow. Works cited: Crainic, T.G., Crainic, G. Fleet management and logistics New York: Springer, 1998 2-56 Dolce, J. Fleet management New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984 3-46 Broida, R. How to do everything with your GPS New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003 4-78

Saturday, October 19, 2019

History and Theory of New Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History and Theory of New Media - Essay Example The emergence of software began after the Second World War (Alisa 34). Televisions are also part of the media that give visual images to the viewer. The frequencies used from one channel to another are controlled by the satellite. Historically, they were used by the military in monitoring their activities, observing scientific features and for education. Broadcasting directly via the satellite is symbolized by a sphere. This shows that the entire globe relies on the satellite for wave transmission. There had been outstanding advancement in televisual development, ranging from the 1960’s when echoes were used. In the modern, world almost every household has a satellite dish to capture diverse frequencies. Culture in orbits described the origin, significance and the various uses of the satellite. They range from social, political and economic uses (Alisa 56). It is during the Second World War that most machines were invented. This was to facilitate the war and make it a modern war. The creation of cinemas and films were gaining popularity at that time and thus a machine to enable their view to the audience emerged. A mechanical analog computer and a gun control were the main form of technology. As a result of the war, many citizens were displaced, among them the Whitney brothers who dropped from school and went back home. This situation triggered them to invent many machines for the military, photograph and aircraft industry. They further produced a different version of music where the sound and images were appropriately linked. Camera obscura the first model, used to capture images used the functioning of the human eye (Holt 65). In one way or another, all methods of technology are extensions of the human body. The function of the machine gives it its meaning to human life. Electricity light is a medium without a message, but it gives a clearance to visual images. This is a characteristic of media where the content of the speech

Friday, October 18, 2019

Cash Management Techniques Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cash Management Techniques - Case Study Example 1. The company usually creates realistic cash flow budgets for both short term and long term. This helps the company to critically analyze the management policies of their cash and also pass recommendations to improve their current strategies. Competition- A company business environment plays a critical role in determining the credit policies that the company will adopt. The practices being carried out by other players in the industry will be a deterministic factor as well. In a relative competitive business environment, a high degree of importance is usually emphasized in regard to credit availability. The reason behind this is to ensure that the company remains competitive since it will be an attraction to clients. Even when the industry is not competitive enough, a company can use credit availability as a tool to be more competitive ( Cooper, 2004). Customer type-The type of customers that a company interacts with will be critical in deterministic of the policies the company will adopt. In situations whereby the clients of the company are characterised with short capital it is unlikely the company will adopt policies that will increase credit availability ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). Profit margin- the profit margin from goods or services provided by the company is a critical deterministic aspect of the credit policies a company will implement. If the profit margins are slim, then the credit department needs to be careful about the policies they adopt. On the other end, high profit margins are more tolerant to risks associated with credit, thus allowing more flexible and ease policies ( Albrecht, Stice, & Stice, 2010). The government regulations - government might set specific credit regulations in order to govern the sale of specific commodities for example alcohol. Therefore, companies should select credit policies that are in line with government regulations. Short term financial

Case memo Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case memo - Term Paper Example This strategy involves further research and development that will help the organization in maintaining a competitive advantage. The strategy entails giving loan and credit facilities to existing retailers that can embrace the use of low cost strategy. Since Benetton has been able to produce and market their products in an efficient way as compared to its competitors, then this strategy is appropriate for the organization. Additionally, their uniqueness and superior value to buyers gives them an advantage. This is evident with their united color scheme, quality of products among other special features of the organization. Opportunities The efficiency of the strategy is the reality that the retailers and licensees seeking support are familiar with the operations of the organization. Therefore, much of the resources will be directed towards giving support to the existing running businesses since they meet organizational goals and objectives. The productivity of employees is sufficient i n meeting customer demands. Furthermore, productivity is sustained due to the efficiency of capital and R&D collaboration. These elements are key measures that facilitate the high increase of profits for the Benetton. The quality of excellence shows that the organization has superior qualities because of their style, features and functions, design, level of service and aesthetic appeal of products. The reliability of the products has enabled consumers realize the value attributed to Benetton’s products. As such, the needs of customers are satisfied and hence, value is attributed to the product by the consumer of the product. Risks Apart from the opportunities, the external and internal risks involved in this strategy are the high level of imitators from competing organizations. This lowers the standards and quality of products produced. However, Benetton still has an advantage because the marketing strategy employed in the advertising of products covers this area. Therefore, the organization needs to ensure that other risks of selling at a lower market price are abolished. Current situation Currently, the organization has over 6000 stores sales and is listed in the stock market. This will mean that the company should engage in activities that are competitive because of high levels of competition. So far, the business is doing well, but needs to put in place measures that will assist it to attain sustainability and still be competitive in the market. The unique products assembled by the organization has enabled them maintain the majority of their customers. Additional support provided to retailers and licensees will enable Benetton to create differentiation and ultimately lead to a competitive advantage, which means higher customer response increases value of the product. For example, in Japan the group shows an increase in the number of stores in operation between 1986 and 1993. The profits and employees working in the organization has increased, which shows that the organization is running at a profit and is maximizing on the number of outlets available in order to foster values of products among consumers in a market niche. Recommendations In this instance, by providing additional support to the existing licensees or retailers strategy best suits the needs of Benetton because it matches with their goals and objectives. The input and output

CASE STUDY2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CASE STUDY2 - Essay Example In addition, the European Commission desired to confine isolated spot advertisements to short time slots during sports programs only (Lainer, 2005). According to Lainer (2005, pg. 1), "We are truly disappointed. We think they have missed an opportunity really to modernise advertising rules in a fast-moving environment with new technologies and competition." As previously mentioned, RLT is Europe's largest television group, having 32 stations in all. These include France's M6 and the United Kingdom's Channel Five. According to Lainer (2005, pg. 1), "Traditional commercial broadcasters pressed for more flexibility in using commercials amid increased competition for advertising. They also say tougher rules on commercials during children's and news shows could endanger programmer-making in these fields. The growth of digital channels, web-based TV and viewers' commercial skipping devices have fragmented audiences and challenged the core advertising-driven business of traditional free-to-air broadcasters." The European Commission stands up for itself by claiming that they tried to support traditional commercial broadcasters as much as possible when they were writing their proposal. A couple of things it proposed that would support advertisers include allowing them to have commercials during the first 20 minutes of television shows-which they currently cannot do-and allow for product placement in television shows. The proposal of the addition of product placement sparked much criticism, where some individuals feared that television in the UK would become commercial-soaked like it is in the United States (Lainer, 2005). One of the major forces impacting the European advertising industry is the European Advertising Standards Alliance. According to EASA (2008, pg. 1), "The European Advertising Standards Alliance (EASA) is a non-profit organisation based in Brussels. EASA brings together national advertising self-regulatory organisations (SROs) and organisations representing the advertising industry in Europe. EASA is, on behalf of the advertising industry, the single authoritative voice on advertising self-regulation issues and promotes high ethical standards in commercial communications by means of effective self-regulation, while being mindful of national differences of culture, legal and commercial practice." The advertising industry in Europe faces a number of key challenges today. Among these are socially responsible advertising. According to Perez-Latre (2003, pg. 1): In recent years, the European advertising industry has made a clear self-control effort since its goal is to provide a solid alternative to more governmental advertising regulation. But the last change in the European Commission's Directive, "Television without Frontiers" (COM/2002, 6.I. 2003), has provoked fresh thinking. Today's main controversial topics are alcohol advertising, time constraints for advertising on television, norms on interactive television, sponsoring, self-promotion, teleshopping, and other advertising/programming content. Extreme commercialization of television programs is having an impact: Clutter has increased to levels that are unbearable for viewers. Pretty much every European Union market is regulated with regard to its advertising industry. Children's advertising is particularly affected. For instance, in

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Intellectual Property Law (Trade marks) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intellectual Property Law (Trade marks) - Essay Example In the absence of these marks, substandard quality or other manufacturing defects might not be traced to their manufacturer. Thus trademarks on the one hand ensure and maintain the reputation of the manufacturer and on the other hand they make the seller liable for the quality of the goods made or sold. The fundamental feature of the Trade mark law is to defend the consumer's investment in respect of the goods or services purchased, from unfair and misleading advertising by immoral competitors. Most of the courts have made it mandatory for trade marks to be non- descriptive of the goods to which they are applied. All goods and services are classified into 45 internationally recognized classes for the purpose of identifying a company's rights in respect of goods or services. As such the trademark registration will be done only for these groups. Again, the trademark application shall describe in detail as to which goods or services of a category being applied for. Thus trademark registration would disqualify applications claiming all goods in a class. Trademarks must be protected and used more frequently compared to copyrights and patents. The holder of a patent or copyright may inhibit its usage by keeping the creation for himself, where as a company obtaining a trademark and failing to use it, or failing to look after it from being used in the breach, is likely to loose the right to it. In the event of a trademarked term becoming generic out of common use or in the event of a consumer failing to recognize it as a trademark or a court ruling to that effect, makes it null and void1. The reasons for rejection or acceptance for registration of trademarks under the Trade Marks Act, 1994 and the registrability of certain type of marks are discussed here under. The smell of roses applied to Rambling Rose Dolls. In the U.K., several scent registrations have been issued as a result of the amendment to the U.K. Trademark Act in 1994. Subsequently, the registration of the smell of roses was done in respect of car tyres in the United Kingdom2. This trend is visible in other European countries also, where applications for scent marks have been filed and the OHIM has accorded permission for the registration of a mark incorporating "The Smell of Fresh Cut Grass" for tennis balls3 and similarly in the case of Benelux4. The intention is to enhance product esteem. Smell marks are registrable if they are already being used or will be used in the future as a trademark. It must be a supplementary component produced by the manufacturer and it should not be a part or arising from the goods or services or the consumer should particularly associate the smell with that product5. The public has been associating the smell of roses with car tyres and this has b een registered so the third clause of registrability is inapplicable to rambling dolls. Registrability of the exterior form of a tin of baked beans produced by Gusto Ltd. The canister of beans in this case, is similar to that used by another prominent manufacturer which though not registered as a trademark was being used for 30 years. This shape will be provided legal protection on the basis of reputation or goodwill. The efforts of a competitor to use a name similar to that being used by a small business which had been doing business from many years without a registered trademark will be

Engaging Boys with SEN in Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Engaging Boys with SEN in Literacy - Essay Example The paper tells that since the last few decades, there has been a significant increment in the concern of educators and social scientists regarding educational processes of children with SEN or special education needs. Particularly, it has now become a debatable notion where educators and policy makers argue over the efficacy and applicability of ‘inclusion’ and ‘mainstreaming’ factors for children with special needs. It has been an observation that schools and teachers that offer inclusive packages for SEN students seem to be claiming their superiority over the schools that are educating SEN students with mainstream children. However, as the time go by and as research is being carried out, huge number of educators and teachers are now realizing the importance of mainstream education and the positive effects that mainstream education system leaves on students with special needs. The project under consideration was an attempt in the same context that allowed the researcher to explore his own teaching methodology, and more importantly, engage with male students having special educational needs to ensure their literacy in the classrooms that has been an imperative issue since many years. For this purpose, the project has been a milestone for the researcher’s teaching career, as it enabled him to look on other side of boat that is inclusive teacher-student experience while remaining a mainstream teacher. One of the major reasons of getting into this project was the understanding about different factors that exist in our education system, which do not allow a student to groom properly and sometimes, the child ends up being one with special educational needs. In this regard, I carried out this project as my responsibility to explore the issues that surround the problem of lack of literacy in students and that subsequently results in creation of SEN students. KNOWLEDGE BASE As mentioned earlier, topics surrounding children with special educational needs have received noteworthy amount of attention during the last few decades, especially in the European region where educators and policy makers have put enormous efforts in understanding the inclusion of students and the way with which mainstream schooling affects development and growth of students. Brief review of the literature has indicated that with the development of new educational policies, it has now become responsibility of local schools to ensure education of children with any disabilities or differences in the social, cultural, or emotional context. In the past, educators used to indicate the importance of an inclusive group of students with special needs, however, recent studies have indicated no need for any separate defined setting or grouping for such

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

CASE STUDY2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CASE STUDY2 - Essay Example In addition, the European Commission desired to confine isolated spot advertisements to short time slots during sports programs only (Lainer, 2005). According to Lainer (2005, pg. 1), "We are truly disappointed. We think they have missed an opportunity really to modernise advertising rules in a fast-moving environment with new technologies and competition." As previously mentioned, RLT is Europe's largest television group, having 32 stations in all. These include France's M6 and the United Kingdom's Channel Five. According to Lainer (2005, pg. 1), "Traditional commercial broadcasters pressed for more flexibility in using commercials amid increased competition for advertising. They also say tougher rules on commercials during children's and news shows could endanger programmer-making in these fields. The growth of digital channels, web-based TV and viewers' commercial skipping devices have fragmented audiences and challenged the core advertising-driven business of traditional free-to-air broadcasters." The European Commission stands up for itself by claiming that they tried to support traditional commercial broadcasters as much as possible when they were writing their proposal. A couple of things it proposed that would support advertisers include allowing them to have commercials during the first 20 minutes of television shows-which they currently cannot do-and allow for product placement in television shows. The proposal of the addition of product placement sparked much criticism, where some individuals feared that television in the UK would become commercial-soaked like it is in the United States (Lainer, 2005). One of the major forces impacting the European advertising industry is the European Advertising Standards Alliance. According to EASA (2008, pg. 1), "The European Advertising Standards Alliance (EASA) is a non-profit organisation based in Brussels. EASA brings together national advertising self-regulatory organisations (SROs) and organisations representing the advertising industry in Europe. EASA is, on behalf of the advertising industry, the single authoritative voice on advertising self-regulation issues and promotes high ethical standards in commercial communications by means of effective self-regulation, while being mindful of national differences of culture, legal and commercial practice." The advertising industry in Europe faces a number of key challenges today. Among these are socially responsible advertising. According to Perez-Latre (2003, pg. 1): In recent years, the European advertising industry has made a clear self-control effort since its goal is to provide a solid alternative to more governmental advertising regulation. But the last change in the European Commission's Directive, "Television without Frontiers" (COM/2002, 6.I. 2003), has provoked fresh thinking. Today's main controversial topics are alcohol advertising, time constraints for advertising on television, norms on interactive television, sponsoring, self-promotion, teleshopping, and other advertising/programming content. Extreme commercialization of television programs is having an impact: Clutter has increased to levels that are unbearable for viewers. Pretty much every European Union market is regulated with regard to its advertising industry. Children's advertising is particularly affected. For instance, in