Decision Making and Consumer Essay

Post Surgical Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Post Surgical Elderly - Essay Example The essential point will be centered around the basic medical problems influencing the ABC's (aviation route, breathing and flow) of life, where health will be advanced, uneasiness be reduced and confusions be forestalled with in the length of her stay inside the clinic. As a major aspect of a medical caretaker's consideration, a powerful all around grasped release plan will be talked about both to the patient's girl just as the patient herself for home treatment. One of the most significant undertakings that an attendant expect in the clinical business is to ensure that the patient shows ideal if not greatest wellbeing conditions before release. It additionally her obligation to give wellbeing instruction unto the patient and the patients noteworthy others for an exhaustive out patient consideration, one that is comprehended by both as far as semantics, significance and significance in order to be strictly followed. Admitted to my ward 3 days post medical procedure, 77 years of age Patient Tee is as of now in 2 liters oxygen treatment with 99% immersion by means of nasal prong. Chest x-beam demonstrates that the lower flap of the lung has fell with a sputum microscopy that uncovered a couple of gram positive Vancomycin safe enterococcus. The patient likewise experiences dysphagia portrayed by post gulping hack just as dysphonia. Physical portability is moreover limited potentially because of weakness and additionally dread of agony. While patients pre-hospitalization history as of now uncovers poor sustenance, as checked by her little girl's explanation that the patient won't eat her dinners, this is tremendously increased with the nearness of dysphagia (Medline and Mayo center landing page. 2006). The patient's smaller scale culture and affectability results tried positive on Enterococcus species, in spite of the fact that there is no indication of raised temperature as existing apart from ever ything else. The underlying centered evaluation that will be made by talking quiet Tee's of her current condition so as to assemble data identified with how and what she is feeling, contemplating dysphagia, torment (assuming any), breathing and correspondence capacity, her craving, pee and defecation, and the explanations behind powerlessness and her depiction of the force of torment/inconvenience, as a major aspect of my obtaining of abstract information. As an attendant the perception that will consider my own target evaluation will incorporate, her breathing example, readiness to move about, scope of development, soundness and influence; her reaction to contact just as the mental indication of how she feels about her ongoing conditions lastly checking this perceptions with research center outcomes Nursing Diagnosis with method of reasoning: Incapable breathing example and hindered gas trade optional to fall of the left lower projection of the lung as confirm by the abatement in oxygen immersion in the blood at whatever point oxygen design is evacuated (Orem, 1980. p.11). Action narrow mindedness identified with brevity of breath just as weakness identified with disabled oxygen trade framework. Nervousness identified with sentiment of suffocation and conceivable dread identified with crippling respiratory insufficiency. Debilitated verbal correspondence auxiliary to reliance of prong/veiled O2 inward breath and finally incessant or situational low confidence identified with loss of typical

My Zambezi Valley

My Zambezi Valley My Zambezi ValleyâÆ'â‚â‚ ÂÆ'â‚â‚ If the normal individual was gotten some information about the Zambezi Valley, what number of would really have anything to state? From all the spots I have been on the planet, the Zambezi Valley stands apart most in my psyche. The forceful Zambezi River frames the outskirt among Zimbabwe and Zambia as they lie on the maps in our libraries. Hardly any individuals have been graced the chance to be within the sight of this grand silver python as it cuts away at the covering of our earth. There is no better method to encounter this characteristic miracle than by sorting out an undertaking and wandering into the obscure wild of the 'Dim Continent' for recollections that will last you a lifetime. Shockingly nowadays you need to do it through a Safari organization that will charge you an excessively high price for seven days in length visit, just skimming the surface and not bringing you into the darkest of Africa of which you have perused in such a significant number of experience novels.Traveling is an animating leisure activity, yet Africa is a piece of me.âÆ'â‚â‚ ÂÆ'â‚â‚ Darkness conquered all as Mother Earth walked out on the focal point of our close planetary system. In the core of Africa everything is resting, or so you are intended to think. The leader of that realm is watching his domain in outright quietness. His shaggy dark mane throws a shadow in the pale evening glow. Eyes like those of a falcon infiltrate the darkest shadows of the shrubbery. The delicate dim stack of his paws track along the game way scarcely departing any proof of his essence. The extraordinary mammoth walks thoughtfully along before vanishing into dark night. He will before long find either a thick brush or some tall Buffalo grass influencing to and fro on the beat of the...

Neal And Jesse Eldridge Are Two Young Men On Trial. For Over Ten Years

Neal and Jesse Eldridge are two youngsters being investigated. For more than ten years, they endured serious physical, passionate, and mental maltreatment at the hands of their dad. It finished the day they shot and killed him. Presently Neal and Jesse are charged, as grown-ups, with first degree murder; they face the chance of life in jail. This since Arkansas Department of Health Services, DHS, did nothing to step in and spare these youthful lives. On January 24th, 1998, Rick Eldridge should take his children, Neal furthermore, Jesse, to Buckarama, a deer chasing appear at the Little Rock Expo Center. Before they left that morning, Rick found the two youngsters smoking cigarettes. He revealed to them they couldn't go to Buckarama(Neal and Jesse Eldridge: Child Misuse Tragedy 1), at that point attempted to choke out them. Neal said his dad picked him up and tossed him recklessly into a divider (Haddigan 1). As he left, Rick told Neal and Jesse that when he returned he would pound the life out of them. He too gave them an inconceivable rundown of family tasks to do before he returned, what's more, said that he would murder them in the event that they didn't. Dreading for their lives, the young men, ages 14 and 15 at that point, chose they needed to ensure their mom and sisters, just as themselves, from the beast they called Dad. So the siblings stacked their .22-gauge, self-loader, Marlin rifles. Jesse remained behind the side of the family's home, and Neal remained on a shed close to the house. When Rick escaped his truck, the young men started to fire. Jesse shot once, however he lost his nerve and brought down his intend to his father's legs(Neal and Jesse Eldridge: Child Abuse Tragedy 1). Neal shot four more occasions focusing on Rick's head and neck. They at that point withdrew into thewooded zone close to the house and dumped their rifles(Shull 1). Neal and Jesse's mom, who pulled all nighters at Wal-store and rested during the day, woke after hearing the gunfire. She went to the yard, and saw Rick lying there. Rachel, the young men's sister, hurried to Larry Plummer, a neighbor, for help. The two Mrs. Eldridge and Rachel expected that Rick had a seizure, and hit his head on the yard. At the point when the police showed up, Neal and Jesse ventured free and clear. Jesse revealed to State Police Cpl. Jerry Roberts that they had slaughtered their dad in view of kid abuse(Haddigan 1). Roberts expressed that both Neal and Jesse were quiet, gathered, exceptionally exact, and aware to the official. Sgt. Aaron Duvall is the Pope County Sheriff's Department criminal examiner responsible for the case. He said that Neal asked in the event that his dad was dead, and afterward started to cry when he was disclosed to yes(Shull 1). Neal and Jesse are currently accused as grown-ups of first degree murder. The Arkansas state investigator stated, This was a trap - certainly first degree murder. This implies they could spend the remainder of their lives in prison(Neal and Jesse Eldridge: Child Abuse Tragedy 1). A specialist on family savagery at the University of Pennsylvania, Richard Gelles, discussed this case during a 20/20 meet. He said he was persuaded the young men ?had a sound dread of their lives,' and feels that the DHS bombed these boys(Neal and Jesse Eldridge: Child Abuse Tragedy 1). Numerous clinicians concur that introduction to physical maltreatment causes youngsters, particularly young men, to get forceful and savage. It has likewise been demonstrated that 26 percent of imprisoned delinquents who had submitted murder had encountered physical maltreatment; they were additionally almost certain than the individuals who had not endured maltreatment to have coordinated their savagery toward individuals from their prompt family. Abused kids regularly pick one of two alternatives. They either battle or escape. They become engaged with wrongdoing, particularly rough wrongdoing. Practically 50% of vicious young wrongdoings happen in homes during family arguments(Fagan 1). Neal and Jesse's history has been loaded up with awful maltreatment. They expressed that Rick was an unstable, oppressive abuser who viciously beat them, their sisters, and their mom for years(Haddigan 1). Mrs. Eldridge depicted her spouse as a firearm toting, pot-smoking 6'4 beast who rebuffed his four youngsters - including his young little girls - in strange manners. The main occurrence Jesse recollects, occurred at five years old. He stated, I was holding my spoon wrong when I was eating my jam. Furthermore, he hammered me down on the floor and stuck the handle of the spoon on my ear and it began ringing and dying. Rick Eldridge folded ruined clothing over their heads,

Management Theory of Elton Mayo

Management Theory of Elton Mayo Th?r? ?r? various m?n?g?m?nt th??ri?? d?v?l???d by diff?r?nt ??h?l?r? ?v?r the ???r?. On? ?f th??? ??h?l?r? was Elt?n M???, a Harvard ?r?f????r.H? i? ?n? of th? m?j?r ??ntribut?r? to th? human relationship ???r???h of management. A???rding t? his Hum?n R?l?ti?n? A??r???h, management is th? study of b?h?vi?ur ?f ????l? ?t work.This approach h?d its origin in a series ?f ?x??rim?nt? ??ndu?t?d by him (Professor Elt?n Mayo) ?nd his ?????i?t?? ?t the Harvard School ?f Business ?t th? W??t?rn El??tri? Company’s H?wth?rn? W?rk?, n??r Chicago.These ?tudi?? brought ?ut f?r the first tim? th? im??rt?nt r?l?ti?n?hi?? between ???i?l factors ?nd ?r?du?tivit?.B?f?r? it, productivity ?f th? employees was ??n?id?r?d t? b? a fun?ti?n ?nl? ?f physical ??nditi?n? of w?rk ?nd w?g?? ??id.For th? fir?t tim? it w?? realised th?t productivity d???nd?d largely u??n the satisfaction of th? employees in w?rk situations.F?ll?wing th? Hawth?rn? Experiments, a gr??t d??l ?f w?rk h?? b??n ??rri?d ?n by b?h?vi?ur ?l scientists b?l?nging t? a v?ri?t? of di??i?lin?? in?luding Psychology, S??i?l?g?, Phil????h? ?nd Anthropology in studying the behaviour of ????l? at w?rk. H?r? i? ?n ?x?m?l? ?f one ?tud?.Those wh? ?ub??rib? t? th? Human R?l?ti?n? S?h??l of Th?ught are of th? view that the ?ff??tiv?n??? ?f ?n? ?rg?ni??ti?n d???nd? ?n th? qu?lit? ?f r?l?ti?n?hi?? ?m?ng th? people w?rking in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.So, ????rding t? th?m, m?n?g?r? must concern th?m??lv?? with ?n analysis ?f ?rg?ni??ti?n?l b?h?vi?ur, which in?lud?? the int?r??ti?n of ????l? with th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.Th? basic ???um?ti?n ?f this school ?till r?m?in? that the goals of th? ?rg?ni??ti?n are ??hi?v?d through and with th? ????l?.A??rt fr?m th? ?tud? of f?rm?l ?rg?ni??ti?n and techniques u??d by ?u?h ?rg?ni??ti?n?, this ??h??l ?tudi?? th? psychological processes in organizations, inf?rm?l ?rg?ni??ti?n?, ??nfli?t, ?h?ng?, m?tiv?ti?n and r?l?ti?n?hi??, ?nd th? v?ri?u? techniques of ??hi?ving ?rg?ni??ti?n?l development b? improving the re lationships ?m?ng the various gr?u?? ?f ????l? ??n?tituting th? ?rg?ni??ti?n and it? internal environment.H? wi?h?d the management to und?r?t?nd th? problems of w?rk?r? and m?k? ?ff?rt? t? redress th?m.??M? ?F TH? MAIN ??NTRIBUTI?N? ELTON MAYO M?D? T? THE FIELD OF MANAGEMENTHuman Relations ApproachM??? i? rightly ??ll?d th? f?th?r ?f hum?n r?l?ti?n? movement.Current ?r?bl?m? at work are rooted in ???i?l disintegration.   Thi? ?r????? began when indu?tri?liz?ti?n in?r????d l?b?r mobility ?nd w??k?n?d ??mmun?l ti??, i??l?t?d family lif?, ?rg?niz?d work so that ?b????i?n? d?min?t?d mental life, ?nd justified ?ll th??? ?h?ng?? b? ?l??ing a high v?lu? ?n economic growth.Hi? id??? w?r? a mil??t?n? and a turning ??int in human r?l?ti?n? ???r???h of the m?n?g?m?nt.H? recognised the im??rt?n?? of hum?n b?ing? in m?n?g?m?nt.H? ??id th?t human b?ing? are ??m?l?x and influ?nti?l input into ?rg?ni??ti?n?l performance. Th? ???i?l and psychological n??d? of hum?n beings cannot be ignored, if m?n?g ?m?nt w?nt? t? ?nh?n?? productivity.At w?rk, ?r?bl?m? ?f indu?tri?l control arise b???u?? complex organizations ?urb ?r?ft?m?n? initiative ?nd ?ut?n?m?, devalue th?ir intelligence ?nd ?kill, ?r??t? m?n?t?n?u? t??k? and, as ??m??n??ti?n, ?ff?r ?nl? m?n?? ?nd leisure tim?.Consequently, workers d? not r???gniz? th?t b?tw??n them ?nd management mu?t ?xi?t a knowledge ?f ??mm?n int?r??t? from whi?h w?uld emerge mutual ??nfid?n??, trust, ?nd effective ??ll?b?r?ti?n.Instead, workers f??u? ?n undermining management by r??tri?ting th?ir output.Management, in turn, d??? n?t ???r??i?t? how strong a n??d f?r b?l?nging exists in th?ir w?rk?r? minds and hearts.Non-Economic AwardsThe ??rli?r assumption was that w?rk?r? will work m?r? if they ?r? ?ff?r?d m?r? m?n?t?r? incentives.Taylor was th? m?in ?r???n?nt of thi? ???r???h.Elt?n M??? said th?t th? t??hniqu?? ?f ???n?mi? in??ntiv?? were not only in?d?qu?t? but ?l?? unr??li?ti?.He was able to ?h?w that hum?n? ?nd r?????tful treatment, ??n?? ?f part icipation and b?l?nging, r???gniti?n, m?r?l?, human ?rid? and social interaction ?r? ??m?tim?? m?r? im??rt?nt than ?ur? m?n?t?r? r?w?rd?.A ?tud? ??rri?d ?ut b? Pr?f????r Dorin Cosma, West Univ?r?it?, Timisoara ?nd Sinel Alexandru Gilceava, West Univ?r?it?, Timi???r? f?und ?ut th?t m?n?? w?? n? longer a m?tiv?t?r f?r intellectual j?b?. Th?? rightl? ??id “for creative, intellectual jobs, money i? n?t ?n?ugh to m?tiv?t? th? ?m?l?????”.Social ManMayo d?v?l???d a ??n???t ?f ‘???i?l man.’He ??id th?t m?n i? b??i??ll? motivated b? social needs ?nd ?bt?in? hi? ??n?? of id?ntit? through r?l?ti?n?hi?? with ?th?r?. H? is m?r? responsive t? th? ???i?l f?r??? ?f th? inf?rm?l group r?th?r than managerial in??ntiv?? ?nd controls.He also r?l?t?d ?r?du?tivit? t? a ???i?l phenomenon.Organization as a Social SystemM??? w?? ?f th? view th?t informal r?l?ti?n?hi?? in th? ?rg?ni??ti?n ?r? more effective th?n formal r?l?ti?n?hi??. P???l? f?rm inf?rm?l gr?u?? t? give a b?nt t? their f??ling? and se ek guidance f?r action fr?m such gr?u??.In Mayo’s w?rd?, “An ?rg?ni??ti?n is a social system, a system ?f ?liqu??, grapevines, inf?rm?l status ???t?m?, ritu?l? ?nd a minut? of l?gi??l, non-logical ?nd ill?gi??l b?h?vi?ur.”H? w?? ?f th? ??ini?n th?t m?n?g?r? should maintain an ?quilibrium b?tw??n th? l?gi? of efficiency’ d?m?nd?d by th? f?rm?l ?rg?ni??ti?n. He th?ught that besides l?gi? and f??t? ????l? ?r? ?l?? guided b? ??ntim?nt? and feelings.Hawthorne’s ?x??rim?nt? w?r? criticized for lack ?f ??i?ntifi? and vig?r?u? r????r?h. The ?x??rim?nt? were t?? narrow to warrant generalizations.D???it? th??? observations M???’? w?rk w?? a turning point in th? development of management thought.ELTON MAYO’S EXPERIMENTSElton Mayo ??ndu?t?d v?ri?u? studies on m?n?g?m?nt and ?r?du?tivit? and in his studies concentrated ?n f?tigu?, accidents, production l?v?l?, rest periods, working conditions, ?t?., ?f industrial w?rk?r? in f??t?ri??.Hi? tw? among m?n? im??rt?nt r????r?h?? w?r?:-R? ???r?h in t?xtil? mill n??r Philadelphia,R????r?h in Western electricity ??m??n?, Chi??g? (H?wth?rn? ?tudi??)Textile Mill, PhiladelphiaT?xtil? mill n??r Phil?d?l?hi? w?? a m?d?l organization with ?ll f??iliti?? to workers, w?? w?ll ?rg?niz?d. Th? ?m?l???r? w?r? highly enlightened and hum?n?.Th? l?b?ur personnel faced ?r?bl?ms in th? mule-spinning d???rtm?nt of th? mill.Issues wereH?d to hir? 250% m?r? w?rk?r? th?n th? ??tu?l requirement. So ?b??nt??i?m ?m?ng workers w?? th? main issue.Management ?l?? ??n?ult?d ?ffi?i?n?? ?ngin??r?; several fin?n?i?l incentives were intr?du??d, ?nd numb?r of schemes w?r? launched, but th?? ?i?ld?d n? ???r??i?bl? results.Mayo w?? consulted to ?tud? th? ?r?bl?m ?f multi-??inning Department of th? mill.Mayo’s ObservationsHe studied th? ?r?bl?m? int?n??l? from v?ri?u? ?ngl?? i.?., physical, social ?nd ????h?l?gi??l.He found th?t ?lm??t every ?i???r working in th? mul?-??inning d???rtm?nt, suffered fr?m foot tr?ubl? for whi?h they h?d n? imm?di?t? remed y. Thi? trouble developed since every ?i???r had to walk u? ?nd down a l?ng alley, a distance ?f 30 yards ?r m?r?, ?n ?ith?r ?id? ?f whi?h th? m??hin? h??d was operating f?r spinning fr?m?? with ??tt?n thr??d.A ?ingl? w?rk?r h?d t? care 10 t? 14 such machines du? t? whi?h h? f?lt mi??r?bl? ?tt?nding t? th? job.Al?? found th?t w?rk?r? w?r? ?fr?id ?f th? ??m??n? ?r??id?nt because h? was a C?l?n?l in the US Army in France b?th b?f?r? ?nd during th? Fir?t W?rld War. So, w?rk?r? w?uld n?v?r ?r?t??t.Mayo’s Experiments1. INTRODUCTION OF REST PERIODS: He intr?du??d tw? r??t ??ri?d? of t?n minutes ???h in th? m?rning ?nd ?g?in in the afternoon with every team ?f ?i???r?.Results:-  The r??t ??ri?d ??h?m? eliminated th? ?r?bl?m ?f ?h??i??l f?tigu?.Production increasedM?r?l? im?r?v?dL?b?ur turn?v?r ?lm??t ??m? t? ?n ?nd.2. INTRODUCTION OF ‘EARN BONUS SCHEME’: H? also intr?du??d ‘Earn B?nu? S?h?m?’. Under thi? S?h?m?, if th? w?rk?r? w?r? t? ?r?du?? m?r? than a ??rt?in percentage, th?? w?uld ??rn bonuses.Th??? tw? Schemes m?d? th? w?rk?r? h????. But v?r? soon, these new schemes f???d ?r?bl?m as th? supervisors w?r? n?t und?r   th??? tw? ??h?m?? so th?? n?v?r lik?d th? workers ?nj??ing rest ??ri?d. Th?r?f?r?, th?? suggested th?t workers should ‘earn’ there rest ??ri?d?. Thi? New system w?? l?un?h?dResults:-  Within a w??k th? production f?llTh? w?rk?r? became unh????The ?ld ??m?t?m? started r??????ring.So, th? company president l??k?d into the ?r?bl?m. H? di??u???d with M??? and hi? r????r?h team and ordered th?t:-Th? ??inning d???rtm?nt should b? shut down f?r t?n minutes, f?ur tim?? a d?? ?nd that ?ll h?nd? from the ?u??rvi??r? down t? th? workers should ?nj?? th? r??t ??ri?d.Al??, he g?v? th? control ?f the r??t ??ri?d int? the h?nd? of w?rk?r?.R??ult?:-  Old problems disappeared.Pr?du?ti?n increasedThe workers started ??rning b?nu?.Conclusion from Textile Mill at PhiladelphiaS?inning ?r?du??? postural fatigue ?nd indu??? ?b??nt??i?m ?nd passivityR??t ??ri?d ? r?li?v? ???tur?l f?tigu?, ?nd end ?b??nt??i?m ?nd passivity.R??t ??ri?d? ?r? more effective wh?n they ?r? regular.Th? life of th? w?rk?r ?ut?id? the mill has im?r?v?d as w?rk?r? b???m? more int?r??t?d in th?ir f?mili?? and become m?r? ??b?r.The prevailing ?r?bl?m in th? mill w?? n?t th? r??ult of working ??nditi?n? but the result ?f ?m?ti?n?l r????n?? of th? w?rk?r? to th? w?rk performed.M?n?t?n? was n?t the ?r?bl?m but repetitive work d?n? und?r conditions of i??l?ti?n.Hawthorne Studies M???’? studies ?t the W??t?rn Electricity Company, Chicago is ???ul?rl? kn?wn as H?wth?rn? Studi??.It w?? a r????r?h programme ?f National R????r?h C?un?il of th? N?ti?n?l A??d?m? ?f S?i?n?? ?t the Hawthorne Pl?nt of W??t?rn El??tri?it? C?m??n?.In th? ??rl? 20th ??ntur?, it w?? r??liz?d th?t â€"There w?? a ?l??r-?ut ??u?? ?nd effect r?l?ti?n?hi? b?tw??n the physical work, environment, the well-being ?nd productivity of th? w?rk?r.  Also, there w?? a r?l?ti?n?hi? b?tw??n production ?nd giv?n ??nd iti?ns ?f ventilation, temperature, lighting ?nd ?th?r ?h??i??l w?rking ??nditi?n? and w?g? in??ntiv??.It h?d been believed th?t â€" improper j?b d??ign, f?tigu? and ?th?r ??nditi?n? ?f w?rk m?inl? bl??k efficiency.So t? ??t?bli?h the relationship b?tw??n m?n ?nd th? ?tru?tur? ?f f?rm?l ?rg?niz?ti?n, the H?wth?rn? Studi?? were ??ndu?t?d.Th? studies were ??ndu?t?d in th? f?ll?wing f?ur phases.Illumin?ti?n Ex??rim?nt (1924-27)Relay Assembly Test R??m Ex??rim?nt (1927)Mass Int?rvi?wing Pr?gr?mm? (1928-31)B?nk Wiring Ex??rim?nt (1931-32)Illumination Experiment (1924-27)It was d?n? to determine th? ?ff??t of diff?r?nt levels ?f illumination on workers’ ?r?du?tivit?.In thi? ?x??rim?nt, tw? groups ?f female workers w?r? l???t?d in ????r?t? r??m?, ???h group performing th? ??m? t??k. The r??m? w?r? ?qu?ll? illumin?t?d with ?t?biliz?d room t?m??r?tur?, humidit?, ?t?.Slowly th? conditions ?f w?rk were changed to mark change in ?r?du?ti?n. Aft?r a ??ri?d of one-and-a h?lf ???rs, it was ??n?l ud?d th?t â€" illumination doesn’t ?ff??t ?r?du?tivit? of workers.Relay Assembly Test Room Experiment (1927)Thi? ?x??rim?nt w?? ??ndu?t?d t? ?b??rv? th? ?ff??t? ?f various ?h?ng?? in w?rking conditions on the w?rk?r?’ ?ut?ut and m?r?l?.Mass Interviewing Programme (1928-31)It w?? l?un?h?d t? ?x?l?r? th? ?m?l?????’ f??ling? (i.?., human ?ttitud?? ?nd sentiments) b? th? worker’s ???i?l group (inf?rm?l ?rg?niz?ti?n)Th? w?rk?r? w?r? ??k?d to ?x?r??? fr??l? ?nd fr?nkl? their likes and dislike ?n th? ?r?gr?mm?? ?nd ??li?i?? of th? management, w?rking ??nditi?n? ?nd behaviour ?f their b??? with workers, ?t?.Aft?r a few d??? th?r? w?? a ?h?ng? in the attitude ?f the w?rk?r?, h?w?v?r no reforms w?r? intr?du??d. That ?h?ng? w?? seen b???u?? ?f the following reasons:-Th? w?rk?r? th?ught that the w?rking ??nditi?n? were ?h?ng?d because ?f th?ir ??m?l?int?.Th?? ?l?? f?lt th?t the wages were b?tt?r although th? wage ???l? remained ?t the ??m? l?v?l.Aft?r interviewing 21,126 w?rk?r?, and ?n ?l??ing th?ir ??m?l?int?, it w?? found that â€" th?r? w?? n? ??rr?l?ti?n between th? n?tur? of complaints and the f??t?.  It w?? ??n?lud?d th?t â€" the ?x??rim?nt succeeded in id?ntif?ing th? following three ?????t?:-W?rk?r? f??l ?l?t?d if th?? w?r? ?ll?w?d t? ?x?r??? fr??l?. Th?? develop a feeling that th? conditions in th? environment w?r? changed to th? b?tt?r although no ?u?h change t??k ?l???.Sub?rdin?t?? ?h?uld be ?ll?w?d t? ??mm?nt fr??l? ?b?ut th?ir ?u??rvi??r.It is diffi?ult t? und?r?t?nd the r??l problems, personal f??ling? ?nd ??ntim?nt? ?f th? w?rk?r? d?riv?d fr?m b?th ?n ?m?l????’? ??r??n?l hi?t?r? ?nd his ???i?l situations ?t work, with?ut appreciating their f??ling? and ??ntim?nt?.Bank Wiring Experiment (1931-32)This ?x??rim?nt w?? d?n? to ?b??rv? ?nd ?n?l??? th? gr?u? behaviour, w?rk?r? performing a t??k in a natural setting.F?r th? ?x??rim?nt, a numb?r of employees ??n?i?ting of three groups of workmen wh??? w?rk w?? int?r-r?l?t?d w?r? chosen. Th?ir job w?? to ??l d?r, fix the terminals and fini?h th? wiring. It w?? kn?wn ?? ‘Th? B?nk Wiring Ex??rim?nt’.Wages w?r? ??id ?n th? basis ?f a gr?u? incentive ?l?n ?nd ???h member got his ?h?r? ?n th? basis of th? t?t?l output ?f th? gr?u?.It was f?und th?t workers h?d a fix?d ?l??r-?ut standard of output, whi?h was lower than management target, h?w?v?r th?? were ????bl? ?f in?r???ing their output.It w?? ?l?? f?und th?t th? group did n?t allow its m?mb?r? to in?r???? or decrease th? output.Th?? were highl? integrated with their ???i?l ?tru?tur?, and informal pressure w?? u??d to ??t right th? erring m?mb?r?. Th? following ??d? of ??ndu?t was maintained f?r gr?u? ??lid?rit?:One should not turn out too mu?h w?rk. If ?n? does, h? i? a ‘rat buster’.One ?h?uld not turn ?ut t?? littl? work. If ?n? d???, he i? a ‘?h??l?r’.On? should not t?ll a ?u??rvi??r ?n?thing d?trim?nt?l t? an associate. If ?n? d???, he i? a ‘?qu??l?r’.On? ?h?uld n?t attempt t? m?int?in social di?t?n?? or act ?ffi?i?u?. If ?n? i? ?n in????t?r, f?r ?x?m?l?, h? should not ??t lik? ?n?.ConclusionsM??? and th? r????r?h?r? ??n?lud?d th?t:Th? behaviour of th? t??m had n?thing to do with m?n?g?m?nt of g?n?r?l economic conditions ?f the ?l?nt.The w?rk?r? viewed int?rf?r?n?? of extra d???rtm?nt personnel as di?turb?n??.Th? w?rk?r? ??n?id?r?d supervisors as r??r???nt?tiv? ?uth?rit? to discipline the w?rk?r?.Th? l?gi? of efficiency did n?t g? w?ll with th? logic ?f ??ntim?nt?.One should n?t miss th? hum?n ?????t? ?f ?rg?niz?ti?n while ?m?h??i?ing t??hni??l and economic aspects.In ?dditi?n t? th? t??hni??l skills, th? m?n?g?m?nt ?h?uld handle hum?n ?itu?ti?n?, motivate, lead and ??mmuni??t? with th? w?rk?r?.Th? ??n???t ?f ?uth?rit? ?h?uld be b???d ?n social ?kill? in ???uring cooperation r?th?r than ?x??rti??.Conclusions from Hawthorne Studies BrieflyThe ???i?l and psychological f??t?r? at the workplace, not th? physical ??nditi?n? of th? w?rk?l???, determine th? ?m?l?????’ m?r?l? ?nd output.The ?rg?niz?ti?n is a ???i?l ???t?m.N?n-???n?mi? rewards and ??n?ti?n? ?ignifi??ntl? ?ff??t the w?rk?r?’ b?h?vi?ur, morale ?nd output.W?rk?r? ?r? n?t inert ?r i??l?t?d, unrelated individu?l; th?? ?r? ???i?l animals.Divi?i?n ?f l?b?ur ?tri?tl? on ????i?liz?ti?n i? n?t n??????ril? th? m??t ?ffi?i?nt ???r???h.The w?rk?r? have a tendency t? f?rm ?m?ll gr?u?? (informal organizations). The production n?rm? ?nd behavioural patterns are ??t by ?u?h gr?u??.L??d?r?hi?, style ?f supervision, ??mmuni??ti?n and participation ?l?? a ??ntr?l role in workers’ behaviour, ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd productivity.Thu?, th? findings ?f H?wth?rn? ?tudi?? revolutionised the ?rg?niz?ti?n?l thought, ?nd gave ri?? to a n?w th??r? called Human R?l?ti?n? Th??r?.CRITI?I?M OF H?WTH?RN? STUDI?? / EX??RIM?NT?Th? Hawthorne Ex??rim?nt? are m?inl? ?riti?iz?d ?n the f?ll?wing grounds:L??k? Validity: Th? H?wth?rn? ?x??rim?nt? w?r? ??ndu?t?d und?r ??ntr?ll?d ?itu?ti?n?. Th??? findings will n?t w?rk in real setting. The w?rk?r? und?r observat ion kn?w about th? ?x??rim?nt?. Therefore, th?? may h?v? improved their performance only f?r the ?x??rim?nt?.M?r? Im??rt?n?? t? Hum?n Aspects: Th? H?wth?rn? experiments gives t?? much im??rt?n?? to hum?n aspects. Hum?n aspects ?l?n? ??nn?t im?r?v? ?r?du?ti?n. Pr?du?ti?n ?l?? d???nd? on t??hn?l?gi??l ?nd other f??t?r?.M?r? Em?h??i? ?n Gr?u? Decision-making: Th? Hawthorne ?x??rim?nt? ?l???d t?? mu?h ?m?h??i? on group d??i?i?n-m?king. In the r??l situation, individu?l decision-making cannot b? totally neglected ?????i?ll? when qui?k decisions are r?quir?d and th?r? i? n? tim? to consult others.Ov?r Importance t? Fr??d?m of W?rk?r?: The Hawthorne ?x??rim?nt? giv?? a l?t of im??rt?n?? to fr??d?m of th? w?rk?r?. It d??? n?t giv? importance to the ??n?tru?tiv? r?l? ?f th? supervisors. In reality t?? mu?h ?f fr??d?m to th? w?rk?r? ??n l?w?r d?wn th?ir ??rf?rm?n?? ?r ?r?du?tivit?.WH?T DOES THI? MEAN FOR THE MODERN WORKPLACE?Ev?n th?ugh it? criticism it is regarded as a major development in a dministrative th??r?, till date you will find hi? t??hniqu?? being u??d in ?ll organizations lik? r?w?rd? and ?rd?r?, ??rti?? ?nd celebrations, gr?u? ?uting? ?nd appraisals t? boost morale and m?tiv?ti?n.M?n?g?r? n??d t? b? aware ?f h?w their t??m? ?r? operating in ?rd?r f?r them to b? ?r?du?tiv?. In 3 ?ut ?f 4 in?t?n??? ?f ?n ?m?l???? quitting, it is b???u?? the relationship with th? b??? does not equate to th? n??d? ?f th? individual within th? gr?u?.Managers n??d t? recognize what th? ?urr?nt ??h??iv?n??? ?f th?ir team h????n? to b?. They mu?t ?n??ur?g? high n?rm? ?? th?t the standards ?f ????m?li?hm?nt have ??m? l?v?l ?f meaning t? ???h employee.Th?? mu?t ?l?? encourage t??m ??h??iv?n??? ?? th?t a ?u???rtiv? matrix ??n f?rm, ?ll?wing ?v?r??n? t? ?u????d.Unf?rtun?t?l?, th? opposite points ?f ?m?h??i? tend t? b? ?r???nt in most modern t??m? and w?rk?l????. The focus ?n b?n?fit? f?r the ?m?l???? often inv?lv? m?n?t?r? r?w?rd?, job ?r?m?ti?n?, ????ifi? benefits, or ????ifi? w?rk loc ations.If you w?rk hard enough ?nd long enough, ??u ??n ??rn th?t ??rn?r ?ffi?? with a vi?w, a nice paycheck, ?nd an ?xtr? w??k of vacation every year.A???rding to Elt?n M???’? theory ?f m?n?g?m?nt, those t?ngibl? rewards ?r? not ?ignifi??nt enough t? most ?m?l????? t?d??.It would b? beneficial t? l??k at h?w ??h??iv?n??? i? f?rm?d within a t??m ?nd th?n build rewards f?r ?r?du?tivit? around th?t. If ??u work h?rd enough ?nd l?ng ?n?ugh, ??u will ?r??t? lif?l?ng friendships with ??ur co-workers.The w?rk?l??? i? ?lw??? evolving. The needs th?t ????l? have ?r? ?h?nging.In th? past, a ????h??k and ??m? ?xtr? v???ti?n tim?, ?l?ng with the ??rn?r ?ffi?? with a vi?w, w?? ?n?ugh t? k??? ????l? ??ti?fi?d.In today’s w?rk?l???, ?m?l????? want t? m?rg? their ??r??n?l ?nd professional lives t?g?th?r ?? th?t ???h fit? in nicely with the other.Money i? im??rt?nt, but n?t as im??rt?nt ?? r???gniti?n, appreciation, and th? ?r???n?? of a support m?trix.B? following th? th??r? of m?n?g?m?nt, it b ecomes possible f?r ?m?l???r? t? gain a greater insight int? th?ir ?m?l?????, t??m?, and w?rking environments.Thi? ?ll?w? th? r?l?ti?n?hi? b?tw??n managers and w?rk?r? t? d?v?l?? authentically, ?r??ting ??h??iv?n??? and standards that will l??d t? mutu?l success.CRITICISMS OF MAYO’S HUMAN RELATION THEORYThi? th??r? l??k? ??i?ntifi? b???.Thi? th??r? is n?t b???d ?n ??tu?l behaviour of w?rk?r? as th?? w?r? influ?n??d b? th?ir feelings ?f im??rt?n??, ?tt?nti?n ?nd ?ubli?it? th?? r???iv?d in the r????r?h ??tting. Workers r???t positively and giv? their b??t wh?n th?? know that they ?r? b?ing ?b??rv?d.It i? anti-union and ?r?-m?n?g?m?nt. Mayo und?r??tim?t?d th? r?l? of Uni?n? in a free society ?? well ?? n?v?r tri?d t? integrate unions int? hi? thinking.Thi? th??r? n?gl??t?d th? n?tur? ?f w?rk and in?t??d f??u??d ?n int?r??r??n?l r?l?ti?n?.It ign?r?d th? environmental f??t?r? of w?rk?r?’ ?ttitud?? ?nd b?h?vi?ur.Evidence ?bt?in?d fr?m th? experiments d??? n?t ?u???rt ?n? ?f the ??n?lu ?i?n? d?riv?d b? M??? ?nd th? r????r?h?r?.It l??k? ???n?mi? dimension.It d??? n?t ??n?id?r ?ff??t? ?f ‘??nfli?t?’ ?nd ‘t?n?i?n’ on th? workers.This theory give much ?tt?nti?n t? inf?rm?l r?l?ti?n? ?m?ng workers and between w?rk?r? ?nd supervisors, but littl? to th? f?rm?l relationships with inf?rm?l ?n??.Human relations th??r? were implemented ?? a t??hniqu? for manipulating ????l? to ??m?l? with management directives instead ?f f?r bringing m?n?g?m?nt to ?n und?r?t?nding ?f hum?n n?tur? ?nd thereby ?r??ting th? d??ir?bl? ?h?ng?? in the ?rg?niz?ti?n.Hum?n R?l?ti?n? i? ?l?? ?riti?iz?d for ?v?r?m?h??izing hum?n needs ?t th? ?x??n?? ?f n??d f?r accomplishment or r????n?ibilit?, ?r for ?rg?niz?ti?n?l t??k ?nd ?r?????.Th? ?ff??t of hum?n r?l?ti?n? theories did not result in the d?mi?? ?f th? num?r?u? applications ?f classical theory.S?m? ?f th? ???tul?t?? advanced by human r?l?ti?n? theorists did n?t giv? th? ri?? of d?riv?ti?n? that w?r? ?ubj??t t? ?m?iri??l t??ting. Unde (2007) ??int?d out that th? ?vid?n?? i? l??? ??n?lu?iv? with regard t? th? ?ft?n ???um?d r?l?ti?n?hi? b?tw??n increase ?m?l???? ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd in?r????d productivity.Hum?n r?l?ti?n? th??ri??’ id?? posed certain dil?mm?? without ??luti?n? ?ff?r?d.

Role Of Music In Sonnys Blues - Free Essay Example

Music plays an integral role in the development of social theory and understanding of identity. Sonnys Blues incorporates the idea of music to help define the characters and establish a better understanding of the sociopolitical reality and culture of Harlem. The rather turbulent relationship between the two brothers becomes apparent early on as Sonny yearns to translate his passion for music into a careera decision his brother struggles with accepting. The two brothers have different visions of life, which, in turn forces them to continually have contrasting views. Sonny struggles to be heard especially by his brother however it is through music that Sonny is able to express that which could not be articulated in the verbal language and continually communicates his reality through the medium of jazz. The pain and suffering Sonny endures can be witnessed through the characters adoration of Charlie Parker, a jazz musician who himself died at an early age as a result of drug addiction. We see the parallel between the character and Charlie Parker who at the end of the short story plays his music in front of his brother. The narrator finally listens to his brother Sonny play, revealing the raw essence of his reality which in turn brings the brothers closer and provides both understanding and acceptance of the other in a previously strained relationship. Music served as Sonnys salvation and allowed for the two brothers to open a respectful and understanding dialogue. The narrators understanding can be further demonstrated when he says, Sonnys fingers filled the air with life, his life. But that life contained so many others, indicating that he had now accepted Sonys music and no longer undervalued the meaning it holds. Sonnys Blues is a story about suffering and triumph which play a fundamental role in the development of identity. Each experience served as a chance for salvation and an opportunity for the brothers to make sense of the cruelty of life. Through communication the two brothers are able to achieve a form of salvation by articulating that which seemed impossible. Through listening the two brothers are able to achieve a sense of freedom from the despair that fuels their reality. Music acts as the underlying method of communication for Sonny allowing the character to express his internal struggles that his brother ultimately understands. Baldwin ultimately believes that true sympathy is shown not by trying to change an individuals lifestyle or personality but to support the individual and remain at their side. True compassion does not stem from agreeing with an individuals perspective but rather results from a meaningful attempt to understand the perspective of others that leads to genuine regard for one another. Perhaps this was the message Baldwin attempted to illustrate in Sonnys Blues, that in order to function as individuals in a rather austere environment it is paramount to communicate and listen, for that is what will ultimately free us.

Essay about Gay Love - 1493 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Love is something that is very popular in today’s world. Everyone should be able to love and be loved, to be joined in marriage. But, some people don’t get those rights simply because they’re gay. Congress combines church and state to make marriage illegal. But, people have different religions, different beliefs, and different views on everything. Banning gay marriage violates a person’s constitutional freedom. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The constitute states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.† Church and state are being combined to rule out marriage for gays. Same sex marriage is illegal in all fifty states, and the U.S. Congress has passed a â€Å"Defense of Marriage Act†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦And then again, prior to 1948, interracial couples were not nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;allowed to marry in California and other states. Nineteen years later, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;the U.S. supreme court†¦ruled that mixed raced marriages were legal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;anywhere in America(Allison â€Å"Church and nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;State†). It took nineteen years just to allow people of two different races to marry, not even considering if they were homosexual. â€Å"This court has long recognized that freedom of personal choice in matters of marriage and family life is one of the liberties protected by the Due Process of the Fourteenth Amendment.(Allison â€Å"Church and State†)† But still, gays are stripped of that right, because they don’t have the same sexual preference. A poll showed that the Supreme Court ruling on gay marriage back lashed causing people who agreed with homosexual relations being legal to fall from 60% to 48%. And only 40% support civil union.(â€Å"Reserved for Heterosexuals†) In addition to being outnumbered, gay people are despised†¦ no other group of Americans is the object of such sustained, extreme, intense distaste†¦ such hostility does not face any other group in electorate.(Smith, Haider 12) As of now, only Vermont allows civil union(AllisonShow MoreR elatedBeing Gay : A Matter Of Love Vs. Love1242 Words   |  5 Pagesgetting into any history of Gay America, a person must simply understand that in the beginning of a Revolution there is always opposition. One person believes one thing and another something else, but what happens when the opposition is to love? For a revolution like this, it was a matter of love vs. love; one side for it, and the other against it. However, in the end it was just a matter of who had better reasoning, or rather who had a valid reason at all. 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The Supernatural in William Shakespeares A Midsummer...

The Supernatural in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Consider the presentation of the supernatural in A Midsummer Nights dream. In what way does it reveal Shakespeares moral and philosophical concerns? How does Shakespeares stagecraft (setting, Characterisation, language, verse form etc) facilitate the consideration of his concerns? and how do we as a modern audience respond to the play as a piece of theatre? The main themes of A Midsummers Night Dream are the supernatural, dreams, nature and the difficulty of love. Shakespeares ideas are represented by his use of symbolism. If you look at the play in general at a glance it comes across as being benevolent. But if you†¦show more content†¦The exaggerated language of the people under the love spell that Oberon creates from the flower hit by cupids arrow shows how irresponsible and foolish love can be. When Titania first meets bottom she says on the first view to say, to swear, I love thee and Lysander announced instant love to Helena saying run through fire I will for thy sweet sake! Shakespeare also shows that true love overrides all other loyalties. When Titania falls in love with bottom she disowns the changeling boy, that she fell out with Oberon about. Shakespeare shows the reverse side of love through Oberon. Love can cause jealousy, hatred and dominance. The jealousy between Oberon and Titania caused disruption in the na tural world, and when Oberon falls out with Titania he wants to make a fool out of her. He does this by putting the juice of a flower which has been touched by cupids arrow on her eyes this makes her fall in love with the next living thing she sees. When Oberon puts this juice on Titanias eyes he says Wake when some vile thing is near! this shows he doesnt care how much he humiliates Titania as long as he gets revenge. Jealousy between the four lovers caused Helena and Hermia to brake their livelong friendship, and argue with each other and Lysander and Demetrius want to kill each other. Shakespeare tells us that jealousy destroysShow MoreRelatedManipulating The Supernatural : William Shakespeare s Othello And A Midsummer Night s Dream883 Words   |  4 PagesManipulating the Supernatural It is human nature to be drawn toward people that we can relate to. Because of this Shakespeare made his characters as relatable as possible to the audience members of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century and their views on life so he could generate more recognition for his plays. Throughout Shakespeare s plays, Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he appeals to the audience by relating to their human nature. 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Shakespeare makes use chiefly of the fairies’ supernatural powers to settle the love conflicts and portrays the irrationality in love of the characters, thereby creating numerous comicRead MoreThe Power of Magic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1475 Words   |  6 Pages In William Shakespeare’s book, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, magic is a powerful and useful tool for the characters that have the capability to use it. Some of the characters abuse the power of magic, while others are more responsible in how they use it. Oberon is one the characters that abuses the power of magic. Oberon’s magic has an immense impact on the plot of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. More specifically, Oberon’s magic affects his own life, the lives of other characters, and all the charactersRead MoreEssay about Reason and Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream1757 Words   |  8 PagesReason and love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is often read as a dramatization of the incompatibility of â€Å"reason and love† (III.i. 127), yet many critics pay little attention to how Shakespeare manages to draw his audience into meditating on these notions independently (Burke 116). The play is as much about the conflict between passion and reason concerning love, as it is a warning against attempting to understand love rationally. Similarly, trying to understandRead MoreTheme Of Reality And Illusion In A Midsummer Nights Dream1057 Words   |  5 Pagesproven to be a major source of inspiration for both authors and readers alike. Reality as a theme is prevalent in literature, and the numerous ways that reality and illusion intertwine. In William Shakespeare’s play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, the illusory world which the characters inhabit is enhanced by the supernatural. The relationship between Oberon and Titania contributes to the development of th e play’s theme of reality and illusion; they are the catalyst by which the play’s action occurs, and theirRead MoreEssay on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesMandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of quot;A Midsummer Nights Dreamquot; William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is quot;A Midsummer Nights Dream.quot; They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, whichRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream: he Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth861 Words   |  4 PagesThe hilarious play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare, tells the twisted love story of four Athenians who are caught between love and lust. The main characters: Hermia , Helena, Lysander, and Demetrius are in a ‘love square’. Hermia and Lysander are true love enthusiasts, and love each other greatly. Demetrius is in love with Hermia, and Helena, Hermia’s best friend, is deeply and madly in love with Demetrius. Hermia and Lysander try to elope in the woods because Egeus, Hermia’s fatherRead MoreWho Caused Macbeth s Ill Fate : The Witches Or Himself?1902 Words   |  8 Pageshad an interest in studying the supernatural. Many of his plays included this supernatural element that ultimately causes the downfall of a character or the climax of the story. In Shakespeare and the Supernatural, writer William Jaggard comments on the supernatural element present in many of Shakespeare’s plays: â€Å"So that whether Shakespeare in his three plays of ‘Macbeth,’ ‘Midsummer Night’s Dream,’ and ‘The Tempest’ intends that all he said about the supernatural should be taken literally or as

The Hispanic Influence in the Phillapines - 2398 Words

We define culture as the manifestation of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively (Mangahas). Culture is very important to each country in this world. It is crucial to the makeup of a country and the diversity each country has. Today in the Philippines, the Hispanic influence is seen everywhere you go. In the past, the Philippines governed by both Mexico and Spain. Influences you will see are the language, food, and dance. Influences from the US are the use of English language and the modern pop cultural. Religion is an important part of a country’s culture. Majority of the Filipino population is Roman Catholic. Catholics makeup about 82% of the religions practiced. The next biggest religion is Islam. Muslims makeup around 5%†¦show more content†¦They saw what independent control looked like and wanted the same for themselves. They came back to the Philippines viewing the Spanish rule with distain and hatred. A small revolt occurred into place in 1872 tha t did not accomplish what they wanted but set up another revolt that would happen twenty years later. In 1892, nationalists began to organize within secretly. They were all committed to independence and would do whatever it took to gain it. In 1895, Emilio Anguinaldo became its leader in the Cavite Province. In 1896, the revolutionists began the fighting in Manila. Once they attacked the capital, the revolt quickly spread throughout the country (Mangahas). The Americans entered the war wanting to end the Spanish rule of the Philippines. This was the start of the Spanish American War in the Pacific. The first battle that the Americans fought against the Spanish was the Battle of Manila Bay. The United States Navy commander, Commodore George Dewey, was aboard the USS Olympia. The squadron defeated the Spanish squadron in less than three hours. They destroyed the squadron and took control of the harbor at Manila Bay. After this battle, the bay had ships from Britain, Germany, and Franc e. The Germans were there to protect German interests but were constantly being a pain for the Americans. A move that changed the war was Commodore Dewey brought back the Revolutionary leader back from exile. Emilio Anguinaldo left exile in Hong Kong so he could

Sample Size Example

Essays on Sample Size Coursework Application of ANOVA in analysis of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations Psychiatric hospitalization Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a commonly used approach in testing of the equality of various means using variance (Derrick, 2008). This analysis of often based on a number of assumptions including: independence of the samples, equal variance in populations and that the populations from which the sample is extracted has a normal or near normal distribution (Derrick, 2008). This paper will apply ANOVA analysis in development of statistical assumptions defining the situation of the impact of crisis intervention on psychiatric hospitalizations. The paper will compare cases of psychiatric hospitalization before, during and after implementation of crisis intervention. In essence, the paper will seek to establish whether the means of the groups are equal and determine if there are any significant differences. The null hypothesis will be evaluated using one way ANOVA and assumes that the mean of two or more populations are equal (Stuttgart, 2007). It will questions whether (H0) the population means for all groups bear equality and whether the differences observed are a result of variations from random sampling (Brian, 2009). The data set to be used in this study is based on two groups. One groups is subjected to crisis intervention, the other group is will not be subjected to crisis intervention. The data will be collected for both groups before implementation of the crisis intervention, during implementation and after implementation. Mathematically, the expressions are expressed as follows:The study will adopt stratified systematic sampling whereby specific populations will be targeted for research. Sample consisting of 60 psychiatric patients will be considered whereby 30 will be subjected to a crisis intervention program while the other part of the targeted population will not be subjected to the crisis intervention program. Data on ho spitalization of both groups will be recorded before, during, and after implementation of the crisis intervention program. ReferencesBrian, S. (2009). Introduction to Statistics. London: McGraw HillDerrick, A. (2008). Research methods applicable to quantitative analysis of data (2th ed.). Worth publishers: New York. Green, S.B. Salkind, N.J. (2008) Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and Understanding Data (5th ed.) Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey. Stuttgart, W. (2007). ANOVA application to case analysis.Journal of Statistics 14(2), pp. 123-126.

Airtel HRM Free Essays

Because we cannot provide ARÊTE’S personnel replacement chart we have made our own overview which we belief that must be a little similar to not only AIRTIME but also all other companies in BANGLADESH. The above figure has 2 approaches they are: Approach 1 The first is the traditional approach. Create a chart for each work group similar to the one shown in Figure 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Airtel HRM or any similar topic only for you Order Now For each worker, identify at least three back-ups. Indicate by a code whether each worker can do the whole Job at present or if the individual needs additional training. (A typical code is RAN = Ready now as a replacement; RI ? Needs six months of on the Job development to be ready; and RE = Needs one year of on-the-Job development. ) Next to the code, managers can indicate what additional training or practical experience might be needed so that the worker can successfully perform all aspects of the work. This chart can be drafted in a group setting or by a manager and then shared more widely for reaction and improvement. Approach 2 The second is a more detailed approach and is based on the so-called DIDACTIC Developing a Curriculum. (For more detailed information about the approach, see http://www. Dacca. Org. ) While DIDACTIC has traditionally been used to pinpoint the work activities of one Job or occupation, it can also be more creatively used to list all the work activities of a department or division. DIDACTIC is quite simple. Think of it as based on structured brainstorming. Call all the workers of a department or staff unit together?that can be done by shift?and ask them what they do every day regardless of their respective Jobs. Place each work activity, beginning with a verb, on a single sheet of paper and post it on a wall for everyone to see. (Examples of work activities might include â€Å"meets with prospective donors,† â€Å"advises the programming board,† or â€Å"updates the website. â€Å") When conducting a DIDACTIC session, it is most useful for one person to facilitate and several others to write down the work activities and post them on the wall. Once the brainstorming is finished, the activities can be organized into categories. The result of this session will be a map of all the work activities?essentially, a unimpressive Job description?of a unit or department. Once that (perhaps lengthy) list of work activities has been identified, it is then possible to examine each task to indicate which employees?and how many?perform those activities. Such a comprehensive list of work activities can guide cross-training and on-the-Job training to plan replacements. This approach can also be helpful in identifying and attempting to eliminate time-wasting work activities. It can also reduce the time it takes to train replacements by making clear exactly what work is done. The Job map can be translated into a checklist to guide, and effectively accelerate, on-the-Job cross-training. Such documentation of training will then aid managers in holding employees accountable for knowing what to do. Promotion means to give a higher position, status, salary and responsibility to the employee. So, the vacancy can be filled by promoting a suitable candidate from the same organization. TRANSFER: Transfer means a change in the place of employment without any change in the position, status, salary and responsibility of the employee. So, the vacancy can e filled by transferring a suitable candidate from the same organization. REHIRING: The employees who have retired from the Job but they are rehired for their contribution and experience also the employee who leave the Job for a long period they also rehired if they apply to the organization internally. JOB POSTING: The major means for recruiting employees for other Jobs within the organization is a Job posting system. Job posting is a system in which the employer provides notices of Job openings and employees respond by applying for specific openings. The organization can notify employees of all Job vacancies by posting deices, circulating publications or in some other way inviting employees to apply for jabs. In a unionized organization, Job posting and bidding can be quite formal; the procedure often is spelled out in the labor agreement. Is an organization that always focus on internal recruitment, promotions and transfers. They always motivate the internal employees to their career path in right way in AIRTIME. They always show them the right system so that AIRTIME can get their loyal employee and most importantly can recruit their employees internally which cost effective also. Promotion and transfer is highly appreciated in AIRTIME. They promote their employees and sometimes transfer them to other places with facilities. To get promote or to get promotion with transfer the employees must be eligible for some criteria. They are: They have to be on-roll employee of AIRTIME Ltd. Or its subsidiaries; For Brand S – have had at least 12 months of continuous service with AIRTIME services ; For Brand F/SMS, 12 – have had at least 18 months of continuous service with AIRTIME or one of its subsidiaries; Form Brand 3 above – have had at least 24 months of continuous service with AIRTIME or one of its subsidiaries; Have spent at or a Job in another business unit or at another location within the company. Is case if an employee has changed location in the same circle while doing the same Job/role, he/she will be eligible to apply for the UP; Is cases where an employee has accepted a position as a consequence of organization changes, the employee in addition to satisfying the above conditions also needs to spends at least 6 months in the position before he/she is eligible of the UP; For the purpose of counting the minimum tenure as required above the following do not constitute a role change: Additional Jobs added on the existing Job; Job change within the same vertical in a function continuing to report to the same position or manager; Job name change, if the primary duties remain the same; A promotion with no change in responsibilities; Have been rated other than the following ratings ‘ALL’, ‘ALL’, ‘ALL’ in their least performance appraisal in case of Band 1 and above employees; Have been rated other than the ‘AH’ rating in their latest performance appraisal in case of Band F, SMS and below employee; This is not applicable to young leaders in their first year training. In addition of fulfilling the above eligibility criteria, in case of a manager electing a candidate from his immediate (6 months) ex-team, he needs to take the consent of the current manager of the team. AIRTIME focuses more in rehiring. Because they belief that hiring an old employee than a new employee is far more better. Because the old employee knows a lot about the organization also knows the tradition and the culture of the organization and also it is cost effective. To rehire AIRTIME has some guideline. An ex-employee can be considered for re-hiring if: He/she has resigned voluntarily during his/her previous tenure; Must not have obtained performance rating of ‘ALL/ALL/ALL or AH’ in the appraisal cycle before leaving the service of the company. To be considered for rehiring, an ex-employee has to apply for an open position after the period of recall specified in the following clause has passed and got selected for the same after going through the selection procedure. An employee who had been laid off shall be considered as re-hired when the position he/she has applied for and got selected is different from the position help prior to layoff in the same or different unit, where essential functions, requirements ND/or conditions of employment differ from the position help prior to layoff. From Competition: Re-hiring of ex-employees from competition (I. E. How to cite Airtel HRM, Papers

hoodinee Essay Example For Students

hoodinee Essay Two men are standing on a stage in front of you. One climbs into a box. The otherlocks it. The man outside of the box goes behind a curtain and claps three times. Then,the man who, moments earlier was inside the box, emerges from behind the curtain. Heopens the box and the second man comes out. This is what watching a show by HarryHoudini would have been like. Read on to find out more about his amazing life andtricks. First Ill tell you about his childhood. He was born as Ehrich Weiss on March 24,1874, in Budapest, Hungary. In 1878 he moved to Appleton,Wisconsin with his family. When he was 9, he and some of his friends set up a small circus where he performed asEhrich, Prince of the Air. Throughout his life Houdini did shows with friends, his brother, and his wife. Hissignature trick was the metamorphis. Harrys father died in 1892 at 63. Three years laterHoudini started to do public handcuff escapes. In 1898 he opened Harry Houdinisschool for magic. In 1900 he got a job from a theater manager in St. Paul named MartinBeck. There he did tricks for police and reporters. In 1902 he won a slander case byrevealing some of his tricks to the court. He advertised as The only artist to whom theGerman police have given the Imperial Certificates. Houdini did card tricks, made a handkerchief come from a candle, andregurgitated Ivory balls. He would also swallow needles and thread then when he tookthem out the needles would be threaded. One trick took an hour and forty minutes. Hewas covered with bloody welts by the end. Houdini died of appendicitis when a boxer punched an unprepared Houdini threetimes. That night, magic lost its greatest maker.

Life... The Before After free essay sample

Growing up, I thought that Heaven was just a fairytale, and that Jesus and the stories from the bible were just stories that people like to tell. I was born from a non-Christian family, but was adopted to a Christian family. Every Sunday, I would go to church with my parents and I would listen to what my Sunday school teacher say about Jesus, but at that time I didn’t realize that I needed to get save in order to get to Heaven. I thought church was like school, it didn’t really mean a thing to me. But as I grew older I became to realize that I was a sinner and that there was a missing piece in my life. On December 24, 2001, I was swimming in our pool outside our house when I overheard my mom sharing the gospel to my niece. I didn’t understand what she was talking about, so after they finished talking, my niece prayed and I thought that was quite weird, so I waited until my niece left and I went inside the house to ask my mom what was that all about. We will write a custom essay sample on Life The Before After or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I would never forget that question my mom asked me, â€Å"Do you know where you’re going after you die?† at that moment, that’s when I realize I had no idea where I would go after death. I knew the right answer for that question, but in my heart I didn’t really know where I would spend eternity. That day my mom shared the gospel to me. One verse that I would never forget is Romans 6:23- â€Å"For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.† Realizing that I was a sinner and that I needed Christ in my life, as a 5th grader of Capt. Price Elementary School in Guam, I received the gift of God and placed my trust in his son Jesus Christ. I was happy about my new faith, but as I grew older, went to Jr. High and then Senior High, I started to lose my faith. I became in love with the world, I wanted to be part of it. During my teen years in high school, I started hanging out with the wrong crowd, I literally became a hypocrite. I had 3 or probably more personalities than any other person on this planet. At school, I was a person who caused trouble, gossiped, cussed, and did things that I knew was wrong. When I’m at home, I continue my sin but in secret. I started being rebellious to my parents, and then when I went to church, I pretend to be a good Christian. I knew that I needed to repent and ask God for forgiveness, but I just couldn’t. I was too caught up in the world. Then on February 06, 2009, God gave me a lesson to learn. That night of Feb.06, 2009, God took my mother home. My heart broke with regret and I became bitter against God. I was only 17 years old in my junior year in high school. At that time I was being completely selfish, and I was so angry at God for not letting my mom live to see me graduate from high school. My senior year in high school, I was still enjoying the world, I didn’t care what others thought about me, or how much I was hurting my family. Then finally graduation day came and I still hadn’t applied for college. During the summer that’s when I decided that I needed a way out of my life and I thought that going to a Christian college would help. I ended up applying for Harvest Baptist Bible College, which was the last school on this earth I’ve ever wanted to attend. As I attended classes here, each day I became aware that I’d backslid and that I needed to return to God. Then Dr. Vaughan came and preached for our summit meeting. During that week, God convicted my heart. Two nights in a row Dr. Vaughan talked about forgiveness and obedience. Those two nights I cried remembering all the wrongs I’ve done, how I hated God for taking my mother and how I hated my mom for leaving without saying goodbye. I cried of my disobedience to my parents, and most of all I cried because of the sins I’ve lived in and realizing that I needed to be forgiven and how I nearly threw away all the things I’ve learned about God, how wonderful and merciful he is. On October 05, 2010, I rededicated my life to God. Since then, I’ve been yearning to learn more about God and wanting to be close to him. I thank God for being so merciful to me and for having other Christians to help me grow and help me when I’m going on the wrong path. God has been working in my life tremendously; I’ve learned that forgiveness is not a feeling but a choice and I chose to forgive my mother, knowing that I will see her again in heaven some sweet day. I asked my dad for forgiveness, something that I’ve never done before. I’ve seen how God has been working in the lives of those around me, and I know that wherever He wants me to be, He will lead me there.

Sample Essay on Freuds Theory of Grief

Sample Essay on Freud's Theory of GriefA sample essay on Freud's theory of grief can be useful for teachers in college, high school and middle school courses. This can help the student understand that grieving can be a complex process, and that it is difficult to define as a process. This may be especially helpful in terms of students' personal belief systems, which may have a strong influence on their response to grief.Freuds was a neurosurgeon and a psychiatrist who wrote several books on treating grief in patients. In his book, The Nature of Grief, he argued that a person's emotions and thinking patterns affected how they dealt with things in their lives. The basis of his theory was that the processing in the brain changes when a person loses something, and that these processes are affected by what a person has been through.Freuds published several scientific papers and made many references to the study of memory and grief in his research. Many of these papers can be found online and have been edited to fit the sample essay on Freud's theory of grief.Freuds described four levels of grief. His descriptions follow a standard nine-level model. Levels one through four refer to the immediate experience of a loss, whereas levels five through nine refer to experiences that include a sense of loss that is over a longer period of time. Freuds is known to have included levels seven and eight in his model.Level one refers to feelings of discomfort and anger that occur when a person thinks about the deceased. The person may also experience some anxiety.Level two describes feelings of nostalgia, which can be accompanied by memories of the deceased and feelings of wanting to connect with the deceased. There may also be feelings of loneliness or alienation. A person who has experienced this level has a sense of connection to the deceased.Level three is characterized by a sense of emptiness and incompleteness. There may also be feelings of being separated from the loved one .Level four describes feelings of depression and hopelessness. It is characterized by a loss of interest in activities that were formerly enjoyable. This level is usually not treated by antidepressants.

History of Affirmative Action

History of Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers In the 1960’s, President John F. Kennedy first introduced the term Affirmative Action, which he described it as, â€Å"the first step at taking extra measures to ensure integration in federally funded jobs.† Affirmative action policies are used to increase opportunities for minorities by favoring them in hiring and promotions, college admissions, and government contract awards. Minorities include any underrepresented group, especially one depending on race, gender or ethnicity. Those deprecating affirmative action believe that it is unfair to discriminate against members of one group today to compensate for discrimination against other groups in the past. Today, affirmative action has become a very controversial issue among Americans, especially when it comes to college admissions. Universities are now making it harder for the majority (white males) to attend because of their emphasis on diversity. In Jim Huber’s cartoon Politically Correct, he appeals to patho s by using satire to tackle this highly controversial issue. It can most easily be inferred that Jim Huber believes that it is unfair that minorities receive favoritism in college admissions over whites. Huber’s primary intention of the cartoon is located on the surface. By casually reading the cartoon, it appears to be funny, but after analyzing and dissecting it, a deeper meaning can be found Policymakers fervently believe that more than three centuries of enslavement, oppression, and discrimination had so economically deprived African Americans that some mechanism had to be put in place that would at least allow them a fighting chance. Blacks were locked out of the highest paid positions and made considerably fewer dollars than their white counterparts in the same job. Moreover, the number of African Americans enrolling in the nation’s undergraduate and graduate school schools was extremely low. Affirmative Action is a vehicle to correct injustice. The original intent of Affirmative Action was not to provide jobs and other advantages to blacks solely because of the color of their skin, but to provide economic opportunities for those who are competent and qualified. D ue to a history of discrimination, even those with outstanding credentials were often locked out. As the years wore on, it was deemed necessary to add other minorities-such as Native Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans-as well as women to the list of those requiring affirmative action in order to achieve a measure of economic justice. Not knowing that his statement on equality would once apply to white males as well, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once preached, â€Å"one should not be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character.† Because those in the minority are showing steps towards advancement, many believe that affirmative action is no longer necessary. â€Å"The cry for affirmative action makes no sense if the goal is simply equal treatment before the law.† This reverse discrimination is not needed because of the increase of minority enrollment in top colleges and universities and also the advancement of them in the workplace. Those opposing affirmative action feel that it is unnecessary to screen students based on race, ethnicity or gender; and many college admissions boards are selecting students in the underrepresented groups over those who are more qualified. Many feel that selection criteria should be race neutral and colleges and universities should try to attrac t minority students by holding recruitment fairs in locations that are under-served. In addition, some believe that affirmative action deteriorates the self-esteem of minorities in our society because everyone believes that they only got where they are because of the law. Statistics indicate, 57% of African Americans oppose affirmative action, and 65% approve affirmative action based on income. Those in this category feel that preferences should go to the impecunious many with low income. In the world of competition: â€Å"fairness is in the eye of the beholder.† Many believe that affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination; however, because of the small percentage of minorities attending four-year colleges compared with that of white males, those individuals in the majority still have a great chance of attending the school they wish to enroll in. In addition, contrary to what some may believe, â€Å"emphasizing diversity has not meant admitting unqualified students.† Colleges look for students who will create rich academic and social communities and have the best odds of success in college and their future careers. Colleges also look at different â€Å"academic, geographic, international, socioeconomic, athletic, public, and racial and ethnic,† backgrounds when selecting their students. Affirmative action helps qualified candidates overcome racism and sexism and it is estimated that â€Å"by the time todays college students are at the height of their careers, one-third of the population will be comprised of African Americans and Latinos/Latinas.† By leveling the playing field- affirmative action gives people of color and women the chance to compete in education and business. . . â€Å"White men hold 95% to 97% of the high-level corporate jobs† and without the institution of affirmative action, those in the minority would still face discrimination. The fact remains that, â€Å"if half of the people of color who are admitted to schools under affirmative action programs were cut, the acceptance rate of white males would only increase by 2%.† Almost all business leaders understand that affirmative action is necessary to develop a strong workforce. Not only do women and people of color have a lot to offer their communities, but they also ensure diversity, something highly important to the backbone of society. By viewing the two arguments of affirmative action from a logical standpoint, it is easy to concur that affirmative action is highly beneficial to our society. Affirmative action is in no way reverse discrimination or preference, it is merely a program to ensure equal opportunities and diversity in our communities. It is necessary to ensure â€Å"women and people of color of every economic class have the opportunity to enter all fields.† Until women and people of color get equal pay and education, affirmative action is critical policy in our nation. Because our society is not yet completely colorblind, and because fairness is in the eye of the beholder, affirmative action will be necessary until complete reformation is accumulated. Affirmative Action only opens doors; it is the job and responsibility of women and people of color to walk through those doors by themselves. Research Papers on History of Affirmative ActionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andHip-Hop is ArtCapital PunishmentStandardized Testing History of Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers A man of African decent wakes up one early morning and walks into his kitchen. He greets his wife with a cheerful, optimistic, â€Å"Good morning!† and sits to eat his breakfast. His wife sits beside him and together they discuss the financial burden they are in. Luckily, the man has an exceptional shot at an impressive job position and is going for the interview today. He kisses his wife goodbye and heads off to the interview. Once he arrives he sits down and has a wonderful meeting. He is well suited and qualified for the position. Once he gets up to leave, a Caucasian man walks in for an interview for the same position. He sits down and within five minutes, he is given the job. Now, obviously the best choice for an employee was not chosen. In this situation, the employer would rather have one race working for him over another. There are many other situations like this one that may even be caused by the religious values, national origin, or sex of a person. Whichever the case, Affirmative Action should be used to stop these acts of discrimination and help create more equal and friendlier opportunities for people. By using Affirmative Action, more opportunities will be opened up, stereotypes can be eliminated, and the world will become a more equal place. Let’s first understand where Affirmative Action originated. It all started when the Thirteenth Amendment was established to abolish slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment was then added to guarantee equal rights to all citizens under law, and the Fifteenth soon followed, which forbids all racial discrimination during voting. These Amendments were made to make all races more equal in life. However, though there were laws, many people still didn’t follow the rules completely. Since those Amendments were enforced, situations have arisen that still do not follow the nondiscrimination laws. There were many court cases presented because of the failure to except others as equals. In 1896, the Plessy v. Ferguson case caused for the ruling of a doctrine that was supposed to keep races separate but equal. However, the African Americans in this situation were still not treated fairly. It was during this time that the Jim Crow laws started spreading throughout the south. In 19 41, Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This order was meant to help efforts of the Black trade union. Then, in 1954 the Brown v. Board of Education case overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson case which helped eliminate Jim Crow laws. Even though all these major events were taking place, not a lot of progress was being made. Basically, most people were angry about decisions made by the courts, which caused people to want even less to do with other races. Then Affirmative Action was established. President Lyndon Johnson was the first to use this term in 1965. He established Executive Order 11246, which required workers to take in Affirmative Action to make sure employment was given to the right person without the factors of religion, sex, race, or national origin. Since then, Affirmative Action has been a working factor in the neutralization of the United States (Sykes). So why do we need Affirmative Action? To begin with, opportunities are greatly taken away from minorities everyday. For example, in 1931 the Davis-Bacon Act was passed that preserved white male construction jobs from being taken by less expensive black-labor. Little do some people know that this act is still in effect today which limits the number of minority men and women allowed in the construction trade: Davis-Bacon limits competition and work opportunities for public projects, which is a $60 billion market funded by taxpayers through preferential treatment based on 1931 union standards. Eliminating Davis-Bacon would improve opportunities for minority workers and minority firms to gain work and build a lucrative future in construction (Davis-Bacon Impact on Minorities). What Affirmative Action does in this situation is set percentages of minorities that the employer must have working for him or her. Therefore, if a person goes strictly by the Davis-Bacon Act, he or she could be in trouble for not having the correct percentages of all races and sex working for him or her. There are other opportunities cut off to minorities outside of business. When the thirteenth Amendment was established, which abolished slavery, many African Americans found their jobs in factories belonging to down town cities. It is known that the living conditions in inner cities are much cheaper than moving out to suburbs. It is also known that the educational values in inner cities are not as impressive as outer suburb education. These inner city students tend to get looked past. For example, scholarships are a big deciding factor on where a student will attend college. Therefore, students coming out of these poorer families need the extra scholarship funding to help wit h their financial college needs. Affirmative Action gives scholarships to people of just minority race to help give the jump-start they need. Without Affirmative Action, these students could not be chosen for scholarships and could fall behind. Falling behind would only cause the students to stay in the inner city slumps. The longer a person stays in the inner city, the harder it is to get out. Secondly, the world is full of stereotypes against different races, religions, and even sex. Dictionary.com defines stereotype as an oversimplified image, conception, or opinion of a type or group of people. Most stereotypes originate from the human abilities each race holds such as intelligence, athletic ability, or lack there of (Harpalani). For example, some people think of Mexicans as lazy or apathetic. Therefore, when a person of Mexican decent walks in for a job interview given by a man who believes this stereotype, the chances of him or her receiving the job drops dramatically. This is simply because no one wants a lazy person working for them. The job would never get done. However, what if that person is in fact a good worker? What if that person was perfectly suited for that job? It is not right that people have to go through these situations because of what people might think. What about African Americans? When people think of African Americans they may get intimidated or scared at what they might do. Most African Americans not associated with professional sports are immediately thought of as violent or dangerous. According to, A Journal of American History, every Black male in their twenties was in jail, probation, or been convicted of drug handling (Katz, Stern, and Fader as qtd. in Gerstle 94). By reading article after article like this, people start to form views and stereotypes about these different types of people. These actions are not how all people of this race are, however. Some of these people could be turned away from opportunities that they deserve because of these false stereotypes. It is true that there are some crazy people out there, however these crazy people come from all races and religions. With Affirmative Action, stereotypes could be eliminated. When the employers are forced to give minorities jobs to meet the percentages, they may be able to see the person’s real side. With that, stereotypes will eventually fade away. With opportunities opening up and stereotypes disappearing, the world could become a more equal and fair place to live. As of right now, the world and even the United States is divided between races and religions. Although, some people are starting to view others equally, â€Å"we’re not yet at that point where things are race-neutral† (Powell as qtd. in Powell Defends Affirmative Action in College Admissions). There are still problems with how people treat one another and work with each other. If people get the chance to experience other races and religions and learn the true person, the world overall may learn that true person as well. Imagine a place where people all can compromise with each other and everyone is judged based on personality. Appearance is never made fun of and everyone gives everyone a fair chance in society. This would surely be considered country, if not world, peace. This place as of right now is imaginary. However, with Affirmative Acti on, the world could lose the stereotyping and negativity given to minorities. With this name calling eliminated, where people live could be a more peaceful and equal place to live. With that, everyone could live a longer, happier life. Without the help of Affirmative Action, minorities would rarely be given jobs and the prejudice employers would never learn that the stereotyping is wrong. Without people learning the truth about other people, the world can never reach full equality and peace. This peace and equality is all possible with Affirmative Action. Some people fear how it will affect themselves. For example, some Caucasians may be afraid that Affirmative Action could take job opportunities away from them. What these people do not understand is that there are plenty of employers willing to give them job positions. If these people can simply learn to agree and understand the need for it, they will soon realize the fear they have is unnecessary. All that needs to be done is to convince people to treat others as they would want to be treated. This is something that most people are taught at a very young age. It should not be difficult to act upon it as mature, intelligent adults. Good behavior to other races may include not using racial slurs or thinking down on a person because of what he or she looks like. What good do racial comments serve anyway? If they serve no good purpose, then why do people feel it is necessary to say them? To answer this question, let’s think about relationships in a grade school or high school setting. When it comes to girls during these years, a lot of harmful things can be said about one another. Nasty comments are only a result of self-consciousness. People like this think that in order for a person to feel better about his or herself, he or she must make someone else look worse. Therefore, racial comments are only an act of the lack of confidence in oneself. People these comments simply because they want to feel superior to the people around them. People in order to sound â€Å"cool† or to stand out in a crowd also use racial comments. It is easy to laugh at someone, and laughter is a fun thing to have with a group of people. So why not throw some funny racial slurs in the conversations to spice things up? The reason is because the people in the surrounding area will feel it is okay to joke around about other people, which takes away from the pleasant world most people want. Not to mention, no one wants to be made fun of for things that are beyond their control. Not using racial comments keeps a lighter, happier environment that can still be fun and pleasant to be in. Another way Affirmative Action can be used without it affecting others is to make others look for a person’s qualities during interviews rather than the appearance. If everyone learned to do this, Affirmative Action wouldn’t be needed. However, not everyone gives people the fair chance that they deserve as mentioned above. So, help these people that are getting cheated by doing the civil thing. When someone comes into an interview, give him or her the fair chance that they deserve. Everyone deserves a fair chance. Eventually, those set against it will come around to find that it isn’t as hard as they think. Another way that is easy to cope with the Affirmative Action rules is to think positive about them. Life will be hard to work through if the thought of being cheated is used constantly. When is comes to applying for scholarships, students often get irritated at the fact that many scholarships are marked for only minorities. These students need to understand however, that there are many other scholarships that they can still apply for. Also, they could still apply for those minority scholarships. The applications do not say Caucasians cannot apply, they state that they prefer minority to majority race. There are instances where Caucasians apply for minority scholarships and receive the scholarship. This is because not all minorities take advantage of the situations given. For example, a full-blooded Italian student from Christopher High School states, â€Å"Honestly, I really don’t need to receive anything. But, because I am 100% Italian, I can receive various scholar ships to help through college. This can be helpful for other full blooded Italians who are struggling to go to school.† This student understands that there are options out there, but since she does not need them. Instead, she lets other students in need take advantage of them. This is the kind of attitude that all people need to have. She doesn’t think about being cheated opportunities, she gives them to others. With the violence and wars of everyday life, it time for people to put aside race and start thinking as one country. Think of how problems could be eliminated if everyone came together as a country instead of separate groups. Affirmative Action can help lead to this compromise and unity. It is time for people to stand up for Affirmative Action and to help others understand its need in today’s society. Over time, let’s hope that people will not have to use guidelines in treating others fairly. As of right now however, in order to reach a more equal understanding of each other, people must be forced to abide by the rules of Affirmative Action. Davis-Bacon Impact of Minorities. ABC. 22 Apr. 2006 . Dictionary.Com/Stereotype. 2006. 16 Apr. 2006 . Gerstle, Gary. When Affirmative Action Was White. Affirmative Action: The Last Stand (2006): 94. EBSCOHost Apr. 2006. . Harpalani, Vanay. Racial Stereotypes and Achievement-Linked Identity Formation During Adolescence. Scholarly Commons @ Penn. 2005. University of Pennsylvania. Apr. 2006 . Manzella, Giovanna M. Personal interview. 15 Apr. 2006. Powell Defends Affirmative Action in College Admissions. CNN. 20 Jan. 2003. Apr. 2006 . Sykes, Marquita. The Origins of Affirmative Action. Apr. 2006 . Research Papers on History of Affirmative Action19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

7 Formatting Errors That Make Your Book Look Unprofessional

7 Formatting Errors That Make Your Book Look Unprofessional More and more writers are taking advantage of the new tools of publishing to create and publish their own books. This has led to an explosion of creativity, as writers are able to move their own books to market without the long delays and uncertainty of trying to get a traditional publisher to offer a contract. Of course, there are also lots of authors who publish some of their books with traditional publishers, but still want to issue backlist, experimental, or non-commercial books themselves. This is all good news for authors. But one of the consequences of authors becoming do-it-yourself publishers has been the proliferation of books that dont look quite right. Although our books may be self-published, we sure dont want them to look sub-par, do we? For many years Ive helped authors get their books produced so they can compete with the books coming from traditional publishers. And while many authors hire professional book designers to create their books for them, this isnt practical or desirable from some people. Some of the errors I see when reviewing self-published books are very easy to correct, if you only know how. So to help out, Ive compiled here a list of the most common book formatting errors. If youre doing your own formatting, make sure you pin this article up near your workstation. Youll be needing it. 7 Formatting Errors to Avoid 1.  Putting page numbers on blank pages. Blank pages have no text or images on them, and that means they should be truly blank. If you think about it, having a page number on a blank page really doesnt make sense, since theres nothing for the page number to refer to. 2.  Using running heads on chapter opening pages or blank pages. This is probably the most common formatting mistake of all, and I see it often in books from do-it-yourselfers. Just like page numbers, running heads (the type at the top of a page that shows the book title, author name, or chapter title) have no place on a blank page, just leave them off so the pages are truly blank. 3.  Using rag-right typesetting. Sometimes authors think they can make their pages look better 4.  Double spacing between sentences. Many of us learned to type quite a while ago, and many typing instructors told us to hit the space bar twice after a period. This is perfectly fine for business reports or memos, but it has no place in a book and can potentially cause problems when your book is typeset. So only one space between sentences. 5.  Using both indented AND block style spaces between paragraphs. Since weve started reading so much on web pages, weve grown accustomed to the block style of paragraph formatting. This is when paragraphs are separated 6.  Putting the odd numbered pages on the left. When you open a book, it just makes sense that the first page is page number 1, and that has to be a right-hand page. This rule is absolute, and you should never, ever number your pages with even numbers on right-hand pages. 7.  Making super small margins to save pages. Lots of authors who use print on demand services like CreateSpace know that they will be charged based on how many pages are in their book. But thats no reason to shortchange your readers Paying attention to these details of book formatting will help ensure that your books look and work the way they are supposed to. Your readers will thank you for that, and its your readers you should keep in mind throughout the publishing process. Another way to solve a lot of these formatting problems while also getting a well-designed, industry-standard book is to use one of our book templates. They will save you an amazing amount of time and frustration, while making sure your book looks the way it should. You can find out more and see the available designs at: BookDesignTemplates.com.

Impact of Technology on Business Communication Essay

Impact of Technology on Business Communication - Essay Example Unless possible clients or customers are conscious of our business, they will not cover the information to get in touch with a company or else to purchase its diverse products. When they are responsive of its business, they should be capable to contact it rather easily (Scott, 2011). This report presents the possible applications of business communications technology. In addition, this report analyzes some of the main aspects regarding the application and establishment of such communication techniques for the enhanced business contact. Business Communication Technology This section presents some of the vital business communication technologies for better business handling and management. Below are some important examples of business communication: Social Networking This technology is currently extensively used in business communication. There are lots of popular social networks those heavily support such business communication like Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. ... Shared Digital Workspaces One more new and state-of-the-art business communication technology is the Shared Digital Workspace. These digital workspaces are similar to traditional specialized networks designed for file sharing, where numerous partners are able to get access and perform their functions on a particular project immediately. This permits networks better group teamwork as cooperative aimed at conflicting requirements in some relaxation intended for time and place. This is mainly valuable for companies that deal in different states all over the world. However, this business communication technology requires some proprietary communication application involving higher costs and also demands extensive application personalization for better and effective management of business needs (Nelson, 2010). Telephonic Communication Telephonic communication has turned out to be more and more significant method of business communication for the reason that it is able to connect workers, c olleagues and business experts countrywide as well as internationally. This is very effective medium for instant response along with feedback. However, the costs of telephonic communication are considerably higher, mainly if a business necessitates several worldwide calls (Carter, 2011) and (Fastrak Consulting Ltd, 1998). Verbal Communication Verbal communication is also the traditional business communication method that is used for high and extensive response and feedback. This can be face to face or distant communication among business staff as well as various groups. This technique of business communication is so far an important and well-liked technique all over the world. On the other hand,